Research Of Human Capital Incentive Institution In Building Technology Innovation System

Now the abilities to innovate science and technology have become conclusive factor of national competitive power around the world. So it's an important strategy in the world to develop their country by building national innovation system and establishing national science and technology developmental strategy which enhance their national abilities to innovate technology. Although we are the biggest developing country but our abilities of technology innovation are under the midline in the world and we are badly short of the innovation abilities. Under the situation that more and more drastic competition concerned the integrative national power lack of the innovation abilities will restrict the economic and social development also threaten the safety of our country .So it can depress our international competition and restrict the style of conversion of economic growth and adjustment of economic structure. Thus, our country has to make the important choices -quicken the national innovation system and create the innovative style nation. Human capital stock and institution arrangment which to achieve the value of human capital determine innovative abilities. Human capital contained innovative abilities is carrier of creation and innovation and is the core factor for building national innovation system. It's the gross quantity, quality, structure and employ, run mechanism and institution environment of human capital that determine the innovative abilities of their area or country. Rising the innovative ablities and estabilish institution are the key to building national innovation system of china ; namely that we must create a good institution environment and system and a good atmoshphere to encourage more and more people jion the activity of creation; also means that we need high efficiency maket-oriented system to encourage and inspirit people to creation, innovation and carve out.Based on above-mentioned background, this thesis use the technology economy theory, human capital theory, modern enterprise theory, instirution economy theory, management theory and so on ; and within the frame of building of innovative tecnology system to demonstrate mutual relationship between human capital incentive and building of innovative tecnology system, and through macro, macrocosmic and market levels, this thesis systematically demonstrate human capital incentive institution which can promote and rising the Chinese abilities of innovation; By link up with practice of china for inspiriting positivily of all human capital carriers to crave out ,innovation and establishing a good environment beneficial to innovation and industrialization, this thesis forecastly put forward innovation measure and policy advice which are beneficial to human capital growth and rise innovation abilities of our country, so it can offer the reference that beneficial to building innovative institution of human capital of the goverment and enterprises; therefore, this thesis have the important theoretical and academic and practical value.This thesis contains 6 chapters:Chapter 1 is the guide which put forward the background,theoretic and practical significance of researching; it define the concerned concepts of the thesis; it also introduce basic hypothesis, idea, method ,contents of the researching and main innovative and inadequate points of the thesis.Chapter 2 is the theoretical basic for incentive institution of human capital in building tecnology innovation system. the main purpose of this chapter is to tidy up and appraise the theory which support this thesis. West human capital theory is profound basic theory to understand productive,innovative trait of human capital and why and how to inspirit it. Accept and define human capital property right and improve its configuration and increase its investment are importmant to inspirit human capital exerts its ability in tecnology innovation ; its the precondition to build-up human capital incentive institution within tecnology innovation system .The theory of human capital property right is the basis to build human capital innovative institution. The trait of innovative human capital are increasing return and externality, therefore, if we want to build human capital innovative institution and partition its income , we must know its value which need to measure at first. On the basic of summarize those model which measure the value of human capital by others at home and abroad, we put forward a innovative dynamic model to measure human capital and it in some degree solved a technical difficult problem for foundation of innovative institution. The incentive theory provide us theoretical support and policymaking way benefit to design incentive institution and diversified incentive mode which aim at different types of human capital; and that, the theory of technology innovation and institution innovation provide us the theoretical support to understand imminence of institution building and essentiality of how technology innovation depend on institution innovation this moment in our country. Above theory provide stability theoretical support to our research from different angels.In chapter 3 we analysis and demonstrate the relationship about building of technology innovation system and human capital and it incentive institution. We explored effect of human capital in technology innovation system at first and then analysis its effect from theory and demonstration aspects. From the theory aspect, human capital is the main body and headspring of technology innovation as well as the necessary condition for technology diffusion; thus the quantity, configuration, disposition of human capital which one country or area owned will affect its innovation abilities. From the demonstration aspect, through analysis the R&D input-output date, we find that technology innovation deeply affceted by human capital and so increase input of human capital can improve power of technology innovation. On this basis and depend on the effect of human capital in technology innovation and institution innovation system, we classified human capital in five kinds which named enterpriser type human capital, R&D type human capital,skilled type human capital, management type human capital and marketing type human capital , this classification easy us to design effective incentive institution from macroscopical and microcosmic or marketing aspects toward diversified human capital. And then ,we demonstrated it from trait of technology innovation and human capital, behavior character of people ,institution function that innovative action of human capital need institutional encouragement. As a result ,we find that construct human capital incentive institution during building of technology innovation system is important matter to enstablish institution in our country.After demonstrated the relationship about technology innovation system, human capital and human capital incentive institution, in chapter 4,5,6,we make a deeply and systematic analyzing for how to build human capital incentive institution during constructing of technology innovation system.In chapter 4, this thesis from enterprise aspect analysis human capital incentive institution in building technology innovation system. Since enterprise is main body of technology innovation system and within the enterprise people that execute and implement innovation is owner of human capital then build enterprise human capital incentive institution is the key factor succeeds in constructing technology innovation system. Around the enterpriser type human capital,R&D type human capital, skilled type human capital, management type human capital and marketing type human capital we construct human capital incentive institution towards their various characteristic on the basis of theoretical demonstration about enterprise human capital and enterprise human capital innovation institution and incentive principle of human capital. Enterprise human capital is the decision-maker of technology innovation in their enterprise, its effective incentive institution arrangement to encourage innovation is the incentive institution about the rights of profit gain and control . For the R&D type human capital -hardcore human capital on the chain of technology innovation, we can use the incentive institutions such as property right incentive institution, rights of residual claims (the way includes stock option, technology buy a share, technology holding shares, share by technical achievements, share knowledge property rights with the enterprise and so on), position advance, training, sciense and tecnology encouragement, innovation type enterprise culture and so on, to encourage them. For the skilled type human capital they emphasize the wage and bonus encouragement, or attach them to management and so on; for the marketing type human capital, it important to design the salary institution and science and techology incentive institution that link to new product sales. At the same time, to max the effect of the main body of innovation we need to practice concomitant encouragement and to construct organic incentive institution.Except to construct scientific and reasonable internal enterprise incentive institution, external environment also important factor that influence the innovative action; if we want to fully bring into play the positivity and enthusiasm of human capital, market environment is one of the influential factors belong to external environment. The market is the root institutions which can durative encourage technology innovation. We demonstrate and analysis incentive effect about market institution towards human capital innovation in chapter 5. For the innovative action of enterpriser type human capital , handlers market, capital market ( include property rights trade market ) and product market are all have the importmant incentive and constraint function.Diversified human capital market, techology property right trade market, capital market and property right market are in some extent have the incentive function towards R&D type human capital,skilled type human capital,management type human capital and marketing type human capital. The market institution itself has definite limitation at promoting innovation aspect: such as market itself can not create external environment benefit to innovation, so, diversified policy established by the government towards technology innovation and innovative type human capital can in great extent influence the action about the owner of diversified human capital ; accordingly it can influence the innovation ablities of enterprises, college and research institute; and finally it can influence the technology innovation of ones country and whether or not to build a technology innovation system successfully.In chapter 6, we construct our country's official innovation institution which can effectively encourage innovation towards diversified human capital. The main official innovation institution for enterpriser type human capital is lead them to configure their ability towards production action , this can achieved by construction of knowledge property right institution, enterpriser select institution ,finance and revenue institution and so on; for R&D type human capital, science & technology reward,knowledge property right ,finance and revenue, education and training and so on are main aspects we need to build-up ;for the skilled type human capital,management type human capital and marketing type human capital the main way to construct innovation institution is admit their ablity during techology innovation or improve their social class .In this way , from enterprise level ,market level, government level, we have constructed different innovation institution towards five kinds of human capital. This thesis include three innovation points: the first is to study human capital within the background of building technology innovation system, systematically study human capital innovation institution during constuction of technology innovation from enterprise,government and market level. The second is to build-up a dynamic measure model of human capital. This thesis on the basis of cost model, income model, output model relate to measure the value of human capital and rely on the factors influence the value of human capital( invest cost ,individual trait and market factor) , construct a internal dynamic measure model of human capital within the enterprise to provide a support for enterprise and government to establish concrete incentive institution especially the incentive institution of property right. The third is in reason classified human capital into five types according to its function under the technology innovation system and this classification is different from others, it separately demostate their important function under the technology innovation and innovation system of diversiform human capital; thereby, this thesis constuct corresponding innovation incentive instituions from enterprise, market and grovernment perpective towards five types human capital.