Agriculture And Animal Interlace Land Use And Landscape Dynamics And Optimization Of Study

Taking northern Shanxi as an example, this paper analyzed the characteristics and problems in the development of the interlocked zones of farming and grazing, and pointed out that the interlocked zones of farming and grazing are typical areas with problems, vital ecological barriers and important places for the nation's overall consideration in China, and optimizing its land use structure and arrangement is the key point to solve the problem confronted. Furthermore, taking Yulin City which is located in the interlocked zones of farming and grazing of northern Shanxi as the study object, it divided landscape types and analyzed the characteristics of landscape change by methods of remote sensing, GIS, modeling and landscape index; indentified the dominant processes of regional land use change by modeling the landscape trends; uncovered the spatio-temporal patterns and driving forces of land use change with the aid of spatial analysis; discussed the strategies and patterns of sustainable land use and sustainable regional development, aiming to assist the decision-making for adjusting the land use policy, maintaining the ecological safety and exploring approaches to balanced relationship between development and conservation in the interlocked zones of farming and grazing with fragile ecology.The topics of this paper are land use change and approaches for optimal land use, and the main aspects of the research are: 1) discussing the inducement of the topics and the meaning of the research, analyzing the characteristics and key problems of the interlocked zones of farming and grazing and reviewing the corresponding references; 2) discussing the criterions, indexes and methods of landscape identification and classification on the basis of remote sensing and GIS; 3) appraising and stimulating the land use change process and uncovering the spatio-temporal characteristics of the types and the rule of regional differences; 4) analyzing the driving mechanism and the dominant humanistic driving forces of land use change by the model of multiply regression; 5) studying land ecological design and approaches to optimal allocation under the guide of the landscape ecological theory by expert decision-making.The conclusions of this research are summarized as follows:(1) The interlocked zones of farming and grazing of northern Shanxi is a different region with fragile ecology, rich resources and rural poverty, hence its harmony of the resources, ecology, economy and society and sustainable development are provided with vital realistic meanings. On the basis of research advance and the theory of landscape study, taking land use change and approaches for optimal land use as the topics, this paper characterized this region with fragile ecology, complex elements, sharp conflicts and frequent changes.(2) The type structure and spatial differentiation of landscape is greatly influenced by the scale of the region, hence multi-scale analysis benefits to uncover the formative mechanism, evolutional rule and approaches for optimization. This paper established the land use databases and socio-economic databases on the scales of Yulin City, northern blown-sand area and Hengshan County respectively. The landscape in Yulin City was divided into six first-grade types and twenty second-grade types and in Hengshan County was divided into six first-grade types and twenty-eight second-grade types using high-resolution remote sensing image of SPOT5. With the aid of GIS and analysis of landscape pattern, the landscape characteristics and structural pattern were analyzed and the changes and their saptio-temporal differences were stimulated on different scales.(3) Regional landscape change is influenced by nature, economy, society and technology synthetically, and uncovering the change, the effect and the functional mode of these elements is the precondition to completely understand land use change and its humanistic driving mechanism and socio-economic benefits. Based on the TM data from three remote sensing images of 1985,1995 and 2003, it was found that the intense mutual conversion between grassland and cultivated land was a significant trait of land use change in this area, which also reflected the extensive utilization and out-of-order management of agricultural land. As a whole, the increasing landscape fragmentation and diversity and the obvious difference of landscape isolation in the period of 1985 to 2003 has shown that the human land use activity in the interlocked zones of farming and grazing of northern Shanxi has intensified and the trend of landscape degradation has not been retorted.(4) Land desertification is one of the major natural processes of land use change in the interlocked zones of farming and grazing of northern Shanxi. Especially in the areas along the Great Wall, great landscape changes have happened and induced serious land desertification and increasing land degradation because of its fragile ecology and intensive human activities such as mining and industrial park construction in the recent decades. The centroids of land desertification expand to the southwest and northeast threatened the ecological safety of the southwestern and northeastern. In a word, the changes area of land use landscape mainly is in southern Dingbian, the hilly areas in Jingbian, as well as Maowusu Desert area and south eastern Loess Plateau area.(5) Formation and evolution of regional land use landscape patterns are the common results of natural and human factors, and the later plays a leading role. Land degradation of Yulin city has a direct relationship to increasing population and excessive land use, and human irrational land use is the main factor, in which the essential is a disharmony caused by excessive population, relatively backward agricultural technology and land capacity. From 1985 to 2003 in Yulin City, the contribution rate is 74.55% from afforestation and grass to land use type conversion, in which the main conversion is unutilized land to grassland and woodland; the contribution rate of structure adjustment is 11.85%, in which the main conversion is farmland to grassland and woodland; the contribution rate of land degradation is 6.48%, in which the main conversion is grassland, farmland, woodland and water area to unutilized land; the contribution rate of farmland reclaim is 4.05%, in which the main conversion is grassland, unutilized land, forest land and water area to farmland.(6) The fundamental approach of optimizing landscape in interlocked agro-pasturing area of northern Shaanxi is coordinating regional human-land relationship, which can realize virtuous circle among resource, ecology, economy and society. The land use landscape in this area should be designed to highlight 'Three Characters', which embodies consistency between landscape ecological planning and objectives of sustainable development, coordination between landscape design and land-use planning, coupling between landscape patterns and land use patterns. From viewpoint of expert decision support and landscape types differentiation, this Paper also studies models and approaches on land-use landscape design and optimization.Innovations of the study are as follows:(1) Combines theory with practice, qualitative with quantitative, models with experts assistant, this paper makes full use of remote sensing and GIS technology, data models and landscape analysis, etc. And focused on the spatial scales of 'Yulin city - the northern region along the Great Wall - Hengshan country', this paper studies land use pattern of landscape types, dynamics and mechanism, which reveals the scale differences and effects of landscape pattern and spreads the theory of LUCC.(2) Focus on Yulin's demonstration of regional issues, strategic position and sustainable development in interlocked agro-pasturing area of north China, 'data collection and modeling→landscape classification→dynamic analysis of land pattern→mechanism simulation of landscape change→landscape design and optimization' is organized as a mainline, which faces to 'land pattern changes' and 'optimization approach' in interlocked agro-pasturing area of northern Shaanxi.(3 )This paper emphasis on new technology applications and models development. As a case study of Yulin city, it establishes classification system of land use landscape, and builds characteristics of determining land use landscape types and vegetation cover changes from TM remote sensing images, which also diagnoses dynamic changes of land use landscape. Through '3S' technology integration, the paper realizes GIS imaging data management which is rectified. And it develops index systems and technical methods for monitoring temporal and spatial variation of land use pattern. By space-related analysis, it achieves dynamic information grid of land use types, and reveals the relationship between changes of landscape and natural-social-economic factors. So it makes great progress on use of information sources and integrated multi-models approach.(4)This paper targets regional targets of decision-making and practice. Based on understanding to regional land use dynamic changes and its human transmission mechanisms, this paper studies demonstration of land use structure restructuring and layout optimization, that are oriented to different scales of 'interlocked agro-pasturing area of northern Shaanxi, floodplain sandstorms in northern Shaanxi, southern Loess Hills area and Hengshan country'. And through making full use of principles of landscape design, economic cycle and coordinated decision-making theory, this paper studies land use landscape design and optimization approach, and at last brings forward strategy and policy of promoting sustainable land use in interlocked agro-pasturing area.