| The countryside is the main body of ecological environment and society in China. Rural development is related to national strategic security, social stability, foodstuff security and ecological safety. As coupling regions with rich natural resources, poor economy and fragile ecology, poor resource-abundant regions are focus areas which are used to study man-land relation and rural development. Large-scale natural resources exploitation impels regional economic swift growth, at the same time, seriously destroys ecological environment, which intensifies the local rural impoverished degree.The paper took Yulin city as research objects, using theoretic analysis and demonstration estimate, applying mathematics model and Delphi, to depict the track of rural transformation development inYulin city. Based on coordinated urban and rural development, human-land harmony and sustainable development perspective, it revealed the evolving rule of industrial structure, employment structure and rural living condition. It explained the main influencing factors of rural development, then designed evaluating model of rural development in rich natural resources region to estimate the state of rural transformation development. At last, dominant models and developing strategies for rural development in resource-abundant region were put forward, which provided academic basis and decision-making foundation for rural development inYulin city.According to systemic study of rural transformation development inYulin city, the main conclusions are following:(1) Analyzing the main influencing factors of rural development in Yulin city, the results showed that:①From 1975 to 2005, there is a little decrease tendency for annual precipitation and the tendency ratio is - 23.15mm/ (10a) -1. The air temperature in the spring and winter were tending to rise, the increasing rate are 0.92℃/ (10a) - 1 and 0.67℃/ (10a) - 1. The aridification reduced grain yield and ability of raising livestock, bringing more and more seriously land desertification.②The calculation of water resources intimidation degree showed that, from 2000 to 2006, water resource intimidation already approached to the heavy stress degree, and presents an increasing trend. Among all the factors, water resource intimidation degree of social economy increased furthest, with an increasing rate of 0.0159/a.③Local ecological enviroment was strongly disturbed caused by large-scale natural resources exploitation, which led to the decline of soil fertility and worsening of ecological environment.④Rural poverty became the basic barrier of local social and economic development.⑤The evolvement of rural development policies during different historical stages is the key driving forces of rural transformation development.(2) The track of rural transformation development inYulin city showed that:①The exploitation of Shenfu coalfield in 1985, the advance of market economy in 1992, bases construction for national energy and chemical industry in 1998 and deepened reform of countryside system in2004 are the transition points of Yulin city' rural development.②The conversion velocity coefficient and directive coefficient of three industrial structures in Yulin city indicated: The conversion velocity of three industries structure present crescent state from 1998 to 2003 .The conversion velocity coefficient reaches maximum 0.2755 during 1998-2003. The directive coefficient of three industrial structures showed: the proportion of second industry increased, while the first and third industry decreased fast, which illuminated Yulin city was at the industrialization process with industrial structure evolving from low level to the middle of high level.③As to the adjustment of agricultural structure, The diversification index within agriculture took on rising trend duringl985-1992,while declining during 1998-2007.④In regard to cultivation structure, though grain crop acreage decreased, it all along occupied the dominant position. Oppositely, economic crop acreage increased at 9.94% rate.⑤As to the agricultural revenue and expenditure structure, family management income is the main income in countryside, while the agricultural income accounted for 80% of family management income. So we see rural development mainly depended on agricultural production. Food consumption expenditure continuously is the major part of rural life expenditures.(3)The effect of rural transformation development showed that:①The mean value of contribution of industrial structure change to economic growth is 4.958 during 1991-2007, 16.90 percent of GDP growth is caused by industrial structural changes. The mean value of elastic coefficient of energy exploitation reached 3.0 during 1985-2007, which indicated the overflow effect of natural resources exploitation is remarkable.②The agricultural advantage index in each county displayed: Jiaixian, Zizhou, and Qingjian are agricultural overwhelming preponderant area; Hengshan, Suide, Mizhi and Wubao are significant preponderant area; Yuyang, Shenmu and Jingbian are middle edge type.③Rural labor productivity and departure degree of industrial structure showed that: the first industry had positive departure degree with rapid increase trend science 1978, while the second industry had negative departure degree with a bigger range. During the past 30 years, relative labor productivity of first and third industries declined, but that of the second industry kept high. The dual contrast coefficient decreased from 0.1782 to 0.023 from 1978 to 2007, which indicated urban-rural dual structure was enlarging.④As for rural living standards from 1990 to 2007, Engel's coefficient of rural resident descended from 63.07% to 40.01%, the living condition stepped up to comparatively good living standard. Rural consumption structure of food changed: foodstuff consumption gradually decreased while the proportion of high-protein foods steadily increased.(4) The state of rural transformation development in Yulin city indicated:①The regional rural economy strength rose from -3.94 to 5.73 during 1992-2007, experiencing primary development, intermediate development, good development, and high quality development. The rural economy strength of each county present an increasing trend, Shenmu increased fastest and Qingjian slowest.②From 1992 to 2007, the score of rural ecological environment dropped from3.52 to -3.27, potential fragile type declining in to severe fragile. Among them, Shenmu, Suide, Qingjian, Zizhou took on a gradually declining trend, the other counties fluctuated with an ascending tendency.③From 1992 to 2007, the carrying capacity of rural resources grew from -1.68 to 1.39, the general state of carrying capacity changing to good condition. Yuyang, Hengshan, Suide, Mizhi, Jiaxian, Wubao,Qingjian showed themselves downward trends. Yuyang decreased biggest. During the past 16 year, the carrying capacity of Shenmu increased 4.45.④The results of coupling estimation for rural transformation development indicated: the state of rural transformation development was in a state of moderate sustainable development. Fugu and Dingbian maintained the sustainable development, Shenmu and Zizhou kept middle sustainable development, but Qingjian was in a state of unsustainable development. The rural development of Yuyang and Suide fluctuated regularly.(5) Combined with the trend of rural development in Yulin city and based on rural functional characteristics, the paper established the strategic guidance that: harmonious urban and rural development, human-land harmony, national security needs and sustainable development perspective. According to the different rural advantages of each county, it built five models for economic development, they were energy economy driving model, ecological-economic oriented model, characteristic economy model, labor economy and support of preferential policies. It put forward strategic ways including: rural areas driven by urban areas, agriculture pressed by industry, science and technology, agriculture accelerated by science and technology, the industrialization of agriculture, the coordination of eco-economic development ,and so on. In addition, several policies and measures were proposed: innovative policy management mechanisms, multi-financing mechanisms, perfect social security mechanism, complete rural market mechanisms, and the coordination of ecological construction and rural development mechanisms.This article seeks to achieve the following innovations:(1) Theoretically, through simulating the track of rural transformation development inYulin city, it discussed the drive mechanism of rural development, revealed the rural development rule of spatial and temporal evolution, estimated state and level of rural development, exploring the mechanisms of rural transformation development in rich natural resources region, abstracted different rural development models. Then, the paper researched the mechanisms and measures to harmonize rural development, resources exploitation and ecological protection, expanding the theory and method of rural geography.(2) As to research methods, the paper constructed evaluating model of rural development in poor resource-abundant region. Aiming at serious influencing factors for local development including: Climate artification, water resources intimidation and land degradation, the carrying capacity of rural resources was separately evaluated. In virtue of SPSS and ArcGIS, the paper set up the evaluation models of rural economy strength, ecological environment, carrying capacity of rural resources, to dynamically evaluate Yulin city's rural development.(3) By demonstration investigation and study, the paper explored rural sustainable development of poor resource-abundant regions. Based on the strategic guidance including: coordinated urban and rural development, human-land harmony, national security needs and sustainable development perspective, it abstracted five models for economic development: natural resources economy model, ecological-economic oriented type, characteristic economy model, labor economy and leading of preferential policies. Additionally, scientific ways for sustainable development in poor resource-abundant region were put forward.
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