Study Of Urban Migrant Workers Pension Insurance Policy

This dissertation, upon the perspective of "urban-rural integration", aims to explore the construction of the rural migrant workers' endowment insurance system, one of the most complex and pressing policy issues facing the central government and the pubic in recent years. Through detailed analysis, this dissertation attempts to advocate some policy implications about building a sound endowment insurance system for the rural migrant workers.Under the background of industrialization and urbanization, the number of Chinese rural migrant workers increases rapidly. And it's estimated that the number of these workers will keep on rising in the near future. Therefore, constructing a system of endowment insurance for rural labor migration has become a significant issue in China. Efforts should be made to provide insight for policy design. But it is more complex and more difficult to construct the endowment insurance system of the rural migrant workers than to make other social policy programs for the rural migrant workers. Firstly, the high mobility and the diversity of the rural migrant workers' employment make it difficult for the traditional endowment insurance system only for formal employees to cover the rural migrant workers. Secondly, the rural migrant workers can't be covered by the urban social security system with high contribution base, rate and long payment length. Some cities, such as Shenzhen, Shanghai, Qingdao, etc, have respectively made special endowment insurance system for the rural migrant workers according to their special traits. However, these cities find that these special policies can't be brought in line with the basic urban endowment insurance system for the benefits can not be transferred smoothly. This situation would not only damage the rural migrant workers' right but also impede the integration of different systems in the future which is not conductive to the labor mobility and the formation of a unified national labor market. So it's a huge challenge for the policy makers to construct a unified national policy model and realize the smooth transfer and relay of the rural migrant workers' endowment insurance relationship.Under such situation, we suffer the embarrassment that it is not reasonable to build a single endowment insurance system for the rural migrant workers in the urban on the one hand and it is difficult to forcefully integrate the rural migrant workers into the current basic urban social security system on the other hand. Therefore how to construct the rural migrant workers' endowment insurance system is a hard policy issue. The outlet is to unify the endowment insurance system between the urban and rural areas, is to understand emancipating the mind and seeking truth from the facts re-proposed in the political report for the Seventeenth Meeting of the CPC Central Committee, and to look for the new forms and mechanism to combine social pooling with individual account of endowment insurance system.The so-called urban-rural integration is to break the barriers the segmented social security system caused, change the urban-rural dual social security structure and take the urban residents, peasants and the rural migrant workers as a whole to design the social security system. The institutional barriers would be eliminated through the system transformation and policy justification. What the urban-rural integration focuses on is firstly to coordinate the various institutions and then gradually reduce the gap between the social security systems in the urban and in the rural areas, and finally to make the urban and the rural areas have equal policy and equal national rights.The so-called emancipating the mind and seeking truth from the facts is to re-interpret the original intention and philosophy, and review the implication of system that combines the social pooling with the individual account issued more than ten years ago. What emancipating the mind and seeking truth from the facts concerns is actively to draw on the experience of the social security systems reform around the world and make them serve us.According to the above-mentioned viewpoints of urban-rural integration and emancipating the mind, this dissertation firstly analyzes the traits of the rural migrant workers' endowment, the limitation of the current bansic urban endowment insurance system and reform situation of worldwide endowment insurance system. And then this dissertation proposes that China should construct a transferable rural migrant workers' endowment insurance system with a Huge Account combining social pooling with individual account. Concretely speaking, this new transferable system, borrowed from the Notional Defined Contribution System adopted in Sweden, Italy, Mongolia and etc, not only is suitable for the rural migrant workers' employment and their low income situation, but also strengthens the current basic urban endowment insurance system's flexibility and openness in terms of lowering the threshold of participation into social insurance, adjusting benefits methods and developing the endowment insurance transfer mechanism. This new transferable system, however, shouldn't be regard as fixed policy structure, but as transitional scheme to the national pooling model. Our ultimate goal is to make the rural migrant workers' endowment insurance system and the urban social security system gradually unified.Based on the policy implication and key institutional arrangement as shown above, this dissertation next addresses some important topics in the following parts. The second part, namely, Chapters IV to VII, Mainly elaborate the concrete mechanisms of the rural migrant workers' endowment insurance system. Firstly, the dissertation argues that assistance for contribution will keep the endowment insurance system within the framework of close actuary link between the contribution and benefits, otherwise, the payroll tax will surely break the link. Secondly, the dissertation puts forward some policy suggestions on the contribution responsibility system and budget management system concerning the rural migrant workers, employers, and all levels of government. Thirdly, the dissertation holds that the experience of the Notional Defined Contribution System can be borrowed to keep pension fund safe and rising in value. Fourthly, the dissertation talks about the endowment insurance transfer mechanism. This dissertation, on the rural migrant workers' behalf, advocates the endowment insurance transfer mechanism of "contribute in the workplace, aggregate the payment length and proportionally pay for the insurance" to avoid "portable loss" of the pension by drawing on the European Union' experience.The third part of the dissertation, Chapter VIII, is the conclusion, mainly making a general description of the prospects of the rural migrant workers'endowment insurance system. The dissertation insists that the central authority should assume the responsibility for quickening the construction of migratory workers'endowment insurance system and increase financial transfer payment and give more training policies to floating population. In addition, enhancement of the rural migrant workers' quality and development of their dialogue ability are also helpful to construct the rural migrant workers' endowment insurance system with Chinese characteristics.