The Study On The Rural Femals Labor Flow And Transfer In Urbanization Process

Surplus rural labor transfer to non-agricultural industry and town is the inevitable trend of development of industration and modernization. Today, national rural labor flow and transfer number has already more than 1.3 billions in which female exiting one-third. Comparing with the general trend of world, the process of migration of rural labor in China is uniqe which transfer of male rural labor insteading of whole family. Why majority rural male labor can transfer, but majority womem can only be the left-behind wife in the same system environmalet? What is flow law and characteristic of rural female labor? Why some labors can egress to work, but some labors re-flow again to countryside after work in city, and others can only be the left-behind wife in the rural female? What factors effect the egress decision and re-flow decision of rural female? What effect will current flow and transfer of rural female labor give to China urbination process? Further studying of these questions and putting forward countermeasures to advance the flow and transfer of rural female labor have important role for pushing the urbanization to healthy and harmonious development.Based on above question, labor transfer theory and social gender theory and social exclusion theory are review and summary, and flow and transfer question of rural female labor take for subject, and urbanization process in China take for masterstroke, and 1861 rural labor of field survey take for samples, law and characteristic and infection factor and influence for urbanization of flow and transfer are further studied. The main studying content is as follow:Based on lots of statistical data, the background and actuality take for starting point, and macro-background of rural female labor flow and transfer is analyzed for the aspects of rural employment space and urban-rural income gap and urbanization level and flow and transfer process; actuality of rural female labor flow and transfer is analyzed for the aspects of scope and configuration and trend, and the questions of low cultural quality and small scope and proportion and illogicality of age configuration are pointed.For induction the law and characteristic of rural female labor flow and transfer, comparison analysis method and field survey data are handled, and difference sex egress work rural labor and rural female labor of difference flow way are compared and analyzed for the aspects of individual characteristic and family characteristic and employment condition and living condition. It is found that rural labors of egress work have obvious gender difference in flow and transfer process, and among the rural female labors exit also difference. So flow law and characteristic of rural female labor are concluding.(1)for individual characteristic:the rural female labor of egress work who are general young and are unmarriage of their majority have the high cultural quality and work skill.(2)for family characteristic:rural female labor family of egress work have more population and labor force and less farming resources and the old who need to be attended and the children who is before school age.(3)for employment characteristic:egress rural female labor engage mainly in manufacturing and wholesale and retail trade and the industry of accomadation, food and beverage in outgoing industry, and they are lower than male in occupations positions; they depend more on geographical relationship and blood relationship than male do, and also, they have less flow distance, but their accumulative time in year of egress work is longer in flow way and time and distance. (4) for the living condition of rural labor: whether for income or consumption, female occupy less than male, but their income and economy contribution for the family are higher than re-flow and left-behind female, and their life-satisfaction are also higher.(5)for conceptions or ideas and lifestyles:urban civilizations have significant impact on the rural female who are in the city. In addition,they have more obvious autonomy rights on marriage conceptions and family-decisions than the re-flow and left-behind female, and they are inclined to have fewer children and focus on children's education.The main factor and corresponding variable which affecting rural female labor transfer are analyzed from systems norms aspect to non systems aspect. Comprehensive and systemic theoretical analysis model that including individual, family, community and systems norms is established and analyzed the rural female labor egress and re-flow decision using actual example based on the field survey data. So that rural female labor transfer conduct could be analyzed deeply. The actual example shows that rural female labor flow and transfer is a complex phenomenon and it is commonly influenced by many kinds of factors. (1)For income:both absolute income and relative income has an important impact on rural female labor flow. The higher the average household income is, the more possible for the rural female labor to egress. But as income levels increase, the raising speed of the rural female labor egress possibility will slow down; decrease of family relative income levels make the rural female labor re-flowprobability reduce. (2)For the personal characteristics, human capital has an important impact on rural femal labor flow and age has a distinct negative impact. (3)For family characteristics, the family scale and structure all have impact on the rural femal labor egress and re-flow decision and reflects the distribution and dominant use of family labor resources. (4)For community characteristics, community non-agricultural industry development and transfer networks have an important impact on rural female labor flow and transfer and it is proportional to the level of non-agricultural industry development and inversely proportional to the level of community transfer networks. (5)Egress work variables have important influence for rural female labor re-flow:the longer egress work time is, the less possible for rural female labor to re-flow; the hard egress work environment is, the more possible for rural female labor to re-flow; in addition, city housing question and children education question also increase the probability for rural female labor to re-flow.Based on the current status of rural female labor transfer the direct influence of rural female labor transfer on China urbanization process is analyzed from the city stability, harmony and healthy development and running. And it is pointed out the state that the transfer of rural female labor lags male labor directly affects the China urbanization quality and healthy development.The indirect influence on urbanization process of rural female labor transfer is analyzed from rural education, agricultural industry and rural population growth. And it is certified that a lot of rural female labor for agriculture had a negative influence on agriculture science knowledge and skills transmission so as to the upgrading of agriculture industry structure. Study also confirm that the transfer of rural female labor flow have all played a role in promoting the rural education development no matter in economic strength or in the concept of foster and education. Egress flow also can affect fertility expense and reproductive concept and is helpful to speeding up urbanization process.Based on the above conclusion, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from two levels. First, promoting rural female labor transfer is proposed for the advantage of rural male labor flow and transfer. Second, promoting culture diathesis and management ability is proposed according to the status that agriculture product mainly on low diathesis rural female labor made against modern agriculture development.The innovation is as follow:First, Research data innovation:got first-hand material and data by questionnaire inquiry for authoritative and official statistics data that classified by gender is limited and is difficult to obtain. Second,Research content innovation:on the one hand, summarize the law and characteristics of rural female labor flow and transfer comprehensively and systematically; on the other hand, combine rural female labor flow and transfer problem and urbanization process organically, analyze the rural female labor flow transfer's influence on urbanization process deeply and enriched and deepened the rural labor study content.Third,Research model innovation:comprehensively and systematically consider the factors that affect the rural female labor flow and transfer from non-system aspect about rural labor individual, family and community to system norm about household registration, land and social gender and so on. Construct theory model suitable for China rural female labor flow decision and analyze the decision of rural female labor egress and re-flow respectively using the actual example based on the field survey data.