Research On Grain Industry Policy Of China

With the time passing and changing of the chian′s situation, the great age which industry nutures agricultuer is coming in China, by the leading of the scientific development ideas, and taking the ways of government forcing and markt driving, the developments between citise and countries take on scientific states, that is, economics are developing with plan as a whole, and societies are jointly progressing, as well as entironment are harmoniously improving. From the economic point of view, the grain is a kind of necessities for the consumers to live, industrial raw matierials, and important carrier of income for the farmers, as well as basis for the national economy to smoothly develop. Through three department′s activities of grain industries among of the production, circulation and consumption, the social, economic and ecological are closely linked togerther between citise and countries, which is useful to jointly develope, to get achievement that the dual urban-rural situation integrate into one whole.From the political perspective, the grain industies is the basis of achieving the national grain security objectives, which carry long-term functions of social stability because the grain involves in survival of the population of a country, social stability and national security. Because grain industries have dual function of the economic and political, leading to the all of governments in the world have greatly paid an attention to manage grain industries all time and all the heritages, especially under the current WTO rules, China determines to use the variety of countermeasures in order to enhance grain industry management with the all of effort, through decree to strengthen grain production, control circulation and guide consumption, is the most commonly used tool that is the most effective measures.The effecitive policies are prerequisites for the smoothly development of grain industry. Usually, policy effectiveness degree are mainly determined by whether the policy design has flawed, therefore, the key factors are scientific design of policy for the grain industry to get expectational achievements. In theory, scientific design work is an endless job, it needs to find the real reasons caused the problem if the design is inadequate, then targeted to eradicate the cause, and repair the effectiveness of the policy, if the policy design is science, it needs to analyse portential problems in future. In the practical view, at present, the grain industrial policies are speedly changing and evolving under the new economic background and, new grain policy system is forming to fit the new conditions, however, some of the original policies are still used that have restrained development of the grain industry, and the new issues are becoming increasingly visible to greatly restrict the rapid development of grain industry, which explaine that the policies of grain industry is not ideal and the major causes attribute to the flaws of the design, so it needs to be designed by scientific ways, which has become a necessity for generating a reasonable system of policy to promote the development of grain industries, this dissertation relies on the background of this reality to research as follows:It defined the concept of the grain industrial policy, namely the total polices of grain are generated by the government, in order to control the efficiency of the whole grain industry, to balance the structural in the structure among of production, circulation and consumption, and to specially give production sector fairness to support it′s development, to directly or indirectly interfere with grain′s production, management, distribution and trading activities, and to guide development on grain′s commodities, services, finance market and market mechanisms, as well as to realize the equalization of social guarantee, the basic connotation of grain policies include policy objectives, main body and policy tools, its structure is mde up of the production policies, circulation policies and consumer policies. Secondly, using qualitative analysis methods, this paper researched on the function of the grain industry policy, effectiveness, main supply and design conditions, mainly drawing a conclusion that: the policies of grain industry belong to public goods which have enormous potential to support grain induxtries to stably and healthily develop, and it was duty-bound for the government to supply policies of the grain industry, while on the one hand the effectiveness of the policy calls for one objective to be supported by more policies,on the other hand it must meets the five conditions of the effective institution, so that the study of grain industry has been strongly supported by the theories.With the historical analysis in the dynamic and static methods, this paper described historical and current status, which showed that the grain industrial policy took on the gradual expansion for the financial input, and the increase of quantity in the period from 1949 to 2009, the financial support appeared rapid expansion and enhancing since 2004, and thus locked on the path of financial input to guide the grain industry for fast development., From the present status to view, after 2004, policy development of grain production wais the fastest, followed by circulation policies, and finally the consumption policy, so that it experienced non-equilibrium evolution, which unfavorably performed for policies of the grain industry, and it is possible to lead to policy "failure" of the grain economy, thus blocking the long-term growth of economic mechanisms in grain unsecurity, which indicated that the current evolution of China's grain policy had some problems.With empirical analysis methods, this article found seven main issues that impede the achievement of policy to grow on the basis, and restricted realization of expectational goals of grain industry policy from more deeplevel, finally constrainted our country's grain security to build. The primary cause came down to four main areas: (1) the policy system inherent contradictions, (2) shortcomings in policy design, (3) special stages of economic development reasons, (4) runing deficienciesFounding mathematical models and using economic indexs to evaluate performance of grain industry policy. Through evaluating from the economic, social and ecological point, we found that as a whole our economic policy performance was good, but still had local problems, social benefit was not obvious, and the lower rate of current grain safety contribute and the trends to support population for lower growth would lead the risk of lower benefits in grain industry policy in future, eco-efficiency was poor, and the future status was more worried.In a word, at present overall performance was not good, based on the promotion of the existing problem-solving, it needed to be systematically designed and repaired.It summarized and analysed beneficial experiences of major countries and regions in the world. Studies have shown that American grain policies of production, circulation and consumption were unified under the common framework, which took on the obvious correlation, progressive nature and uniformity characteristics. Brazil had the perfect grain price policy system , so as to ensure that the production of grain industry and business activities orderly ran according to government′s plans, the consumer policies and social assistance policies were combined to achieve growth between social and economic benefits of grain and to strengthen the role of the government's macroeconomic control. European Union had the characteristics purchasing and reserving policies, encouraging to develop the technology of grain′s production, and implementing the strict food import standards control policy, which had obvious role to diminish the impact from external markets and protect the internal market.; Japan ran the focus subsidies policy, technical barriers policy of grain imports and grain consumption policy of localization, which had active role to promote grain industry development, and to improve grain security levels.According to objectively put forward policy design guiding ideology and conditions, this paper researched on system design of grain policy. From three periods of the short-term, medium-term and long-term, the main policies were respectively designed on production, circulation and consumer according to internal connection between the main policies and assistant policies, and designing a integrated system that three periods policies contact each other. The operating mechanism was clarified on short-term grain industry policies. Studies have shown that, according to this short-term policy system design, income subsidy was the core in production policies, and 7 drivers, 8 bilateral power and 19 auxiliary power to form a mechanism network, enterprises development was the core in circulation policy, and 15 drivers, four pull-power, 5 bilateral power and 17 auxiliary power to form a mechanism network, the security of food consuming was the core in consumption policies, and 8 drivers, 3branch pulling power, a bilateral power and 9 auxiliary power to form a mechanism network, three mechanism networks connected as a whole according to a certain dynamic order of movement.It put forward 8 countermeasures and suggestions in order to resolve problem in grian industrial policy and to promote the policy to smoothly operate, namely it should found the concepts to support operation of grain industrial policy; The ideas should be innovated to promote the grain industrial runing; The favorable environment of grain industry policy should be set up; It should establish control mechanisms for grain industry policy; It should rationalize the investment structure; The basic work should be strengthened in grain production policies, and in the key component of grain circulation and consumption policies.