| As water crisis is a severe challenge nowadays for the development of economyand society, water saving has been being one very important way to solve thechallenge and industrial water saving is one important part of water saving projects.For industrial water saving, the continuously applied water saving projects areimportant measures to solve the problem of water usage in industry. Thus, study onthe economic evaluation and technical efficiency of industrial water saving andprojects are quite important for both theoretical and practical applications.Furthermore, it can also provide the reference for making decision on industrial watersaving projects and water saving management. In this thesis, the water saving projectsand the according economic benefits together with technical efficiency have beenstudied systematically based on theories arisen from economic and managementscience. The main contents are summarized as follows:(1) According to the systematic theory, the hierarchy of the water-saving methodsand measures based on the perspective of the behavior main bodies was established.The existing water saving methods were analyzed from the four dimensions includingacting bodies, water used process, the type of water saving methods and measures,and time as well. Then the “four-dimensional” hierarchical structure of water-savingmethods and measures was proposed. With the established system, water savingmethods in Tianjin and PS power plant as examples were analyzed in detail: watersaving systems as a function of time was described based on the investigation ofjurisdiction of main bodies and the methods taken during water saving process. The“four-dimensional” hierarchical structure provides a tool to comprehensivelyinvestigate the water saving system, which is convenient for further according plan ofwater saving.(2) There is few theoretical description and practical case regarding tocomprehensive economic evaluation of industrial water saving projects. Under theguidance of technical and engineering economics, the water saving projects, theircharacters, the general principles of economic evaluation, the principles ofcost-benefit identification of industrial water saving projects, the cost-benefit countingand process were introduced. Based on this, the national economy evaluation wasmade on taking the water saving project of secondary production processes in a chemical plant as an example: to survey the cost of saving water per cubic meter andthe economic benefits in the water saving project. And the single factor sensitivityanalysis was researched to survey the anti-risk ability of water-saving project. Theresults showed that the economic benefits of the water saving project was better, andit had strong anti-risk ability and a greater contribution to national economy andsociety.(3) Based on the introduction of the CCR and CCGSS models of DEA, therelative efficiency, the lack of output, the surplus of input in water saving projectswere analyzed using six water saving projects in four enterprises as examples. Theresults showed that the efficiency of water saving is high during the productionprocesses. The DEA method can analyze the lack of output and the surplus of input ofthe samples, and it is convenient to analyze the relative efficiency of the multi-inputmulti-output evaluation units.(4) In order to assess the industrial added value created during the industrialwater-saving activities, comparison of different production function models includingC-D production function, Solow growth equation, and management innovationproduction function has been made. The marginal output contribution of water inTianjin industrial added value was obtained using the C-D production function withadditional water element, together with the rate of industrial added value. Furthermorethe industrial added value created by water-saving activities was calculated using theindustrial water recycling rate. In2008, for example, the industrial added value ofindustrial water-saving activities was5.652billion Yuan, which can provide thereference for the industrial production and conservation management.(5) Aiming at the insufficiency of macro instruction in industrial water savingprojects, the technical efficiency of60water saving projects in Tianjin from2001to2008were studied using the technical efficiency models of the SFA and DEA: toanalyze the technical efficiency of water saving projects and their tendency, to analyzethe comparison between the technical efficiency and the saving water quantityinvestment rate, to survey the choice and instruction of water saving projects based onthe technical efficiency method, to study the applicability of SFA and DEA inhandling multi-input/multi-output water-saving projects.It was shown that the technical efficiency of industrial water-saving projects hasthe decreased tendency and saving water became more difficult, in line with law ofdiminishing marginal utility. Technical efficiency method can provide comprehensive results for evaluation of water saving and provide the guidance for choosing watersaving techniques in industrial enterprise. The water saving projects should be madefirst in the enterprise having high technical efficiency in their field and greatexperience in water saving activities. The comparison of SFA and DEA indicated thatDEA had advantage in the analysis of industrial water-saving projects.In short, the industrial water saving projects had good economic benefits andstrong anti-risk ability; industrial saving water plays an important role in industrialproduction; the industrial water saving activities produces significant and apparentbenefits; the technical efficiency of industrial water projects decreased and industrialsaving water became more difficult; the technical efficiency method can provide theoriented guidance for industrial saving water; DEA had more advantage in theanalysis of industrial water-saving projects. |
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