Research On Distributed Assessment And Quantitative Compensation Of Forest Ecological Benefits

The ecology and environmental problems become the bottleneck of impeding the development in economic and social aspects. Forest as the main body of terrene ecosystem, which brought not only the economic benefit, but also ecological benefits for human.The theories and methods at home and abroad of ecosystem service assessment and ecological benefit compensation were integrated in this study. Case studies with Guangdong and Liaoning as typical provinces, the distributed assessment was adopted to assess the forest ecosystem service and ecological benefit in Guangdong province and Liaoning province. Based on the assessment results, the index of quantitative compensation coefficients of ecological benefit was been put forward relying on human development index. This study is also strengthen people’s cognition of ecosystem services and ecological benefits compensation, and the main conclusions are as follows:(1) Distinguish and definite the scientific meaning of proper nouns such as ecosystem function, ecosystem service, ecosystem service function, the non-ecosystem service function, ecological benefit.(2) The distributed measurement method was put forward to assess the forest ecosystem service function and its benefit and suitable for the provincial scale study. Which was adopted in dynamic evaluation at Guangdong (1994,1999,2004,2009) and Liaoning (2006,2008,2010) province. Path analysis model was used to judge the direct factor, indirect factor and potential factor. The main direct factors are forest area and precipitation, and direct impact factor are0.617and0.387respectively.(3) Put forward the provincial government Willingness to Pay index (WTP), which express the compensation willings of provincial government to local unit area of forest ecological benefit. The WTP were0.40and0.36respectively at Guangdong province in2011and Liaoning province in2010, and the rank order were12th and14th in the national. Which reflects the relations between ecological benefit and ecological compensation, and is a real evaluation parameters of compensation for ecological benefits at provincial level.(4) The ecological benefit Multi-function Quantitative Compensation coefficients (MQC) were explicit based on the human development index, and calculated the compensation amount and compensation standard of ecological benefits in Guangdong and Liaoning, different cities and different forest types. The results showed that:the compensation coefficients were0.95%and0.33%at Guangdong province in2009and at Liaoning province in2008. The total compensation amount were6.682billion yuan and1.367billion yuan respectively, which accounted for1.83%and1.01%of provincial financial income. The compensation standard were663.02yuan and225.27yuan in per hectare, and also need to increase investment176.25%and50.20%of existing compensation standard so as to achieve the goals of quantitative compensation.(5) The Ecological Location Quotient method (ELQ) was used to judge the advantage function and weak function, and further specified the direction of dominant function ecological benefit quantitative compensation, And then, compared the similarities and differences of forest ecological benefit multi-function and dominant function. At the same time, expounded the main body of forest ecological benefit compensation is the provincial government, and it is a dynamic compensation coefficient in this study.