Urbanization In The Study Of The Villagers

In China, industrialization and urbanization are divorced from the transfer of rural labor, whichleads to the lag of peasants’ citizenship. Peasants’ citizenship neither simply refers to the peasantsgoing into cities, nor to staying in the abstract sense. We studying peasants’ citizenship from theperspective of urban-rural planning、 peasants’ polarization and stratification, it should consist offive parts, namely the citizenship of peasant workers、suburban peasants、 downtown districtpeasants、the peasants of village to neighborhood and rural peasants.The research object of thisthesis is the peasants’ citizenship which mainly includes the citizenship of suburban peasants、thecitizenship of downtown district peasants and the peasants of village-to-community. The expandingcities throughout the country, regardless of provincial capitals、municipalities with independentplanning status、prefecture-level cities or even the counties, are facing with the problem of peasants’citizenship. The villagers of the street agency of China and South Korea in Laoshan district ofQingdao are being on citizenship. Although the achievement is outstanding, there are also manyproblems. For that reason, this paper taking it as research example in the process of the peasants’citizenship has an important representative.After the founding of our country, the development of urbanization and Peasants′citizenshiphas gone through four stages. The first stage is the division of towns and the growth of urbanpopulation between1949and1960. The second one is the stagnation or even declination of urbanpopulation from1961to1978. The urban population rebounded in1979to2000, which is the thirdstage. Since2001, the urbanization and peasant′citizenship has grown rapidly. The sixth nationalcensus shows that people living in towns accounted for49.68percent of our total population.According to the urbanization level in developed countries, which is an average of70%-80%,the overall size of the peasants′citizenship in our country is quite large. It can be expected t fewdecades that hundreds of millions of peasants will swarm into cities in the next few decades.Following to that, the speed of citizenship will be accelerated. Simultaneously, we should alsoconsider that our peasants′citizenship is still confronted with many constraints, such as their conceptand quality, related systems, external conditions, social organization transformed, the disposal ofassets and so on. Analyzing reasons for constraints formed, we found that urban-rural dual structureis the original reason for the problem of peasants′citizenship; The defects of rural land system is theoriginally economic reason for hindering peasants′citizenship；The ambivalence between citizensand the main body making decision in policy causes to the identity trouble and awareness barriersfor villagers; Saturate and discriminate urban labor market has increased the uncertainties ofemployment for villagers; The defects of villagers in quality also increases the difficulty of its role’s conversion; Higher costs into the city inhibit the villagers′active demands.Our peasants’ citizenship is not exactly the same with rural labor transfer or rural-urbanmigration in foreign countries. There are many differences among the synchronism betweennon-agriculture and industrialization for peasants, the intrinsic mechanism of peasants’ citizenship,and the process of the farmers’ non-agriculture in speed. However, we can get so muchenlightenment from the rural labor transfer or rural-urban migration in foreign countries,such asBritain, the United States, Japan, South Korea. For example, the desalination derivative functions ofthe registered permanent residence, the establishment of the system for land requisition andcompensation that combines the law, standard and respect the market, perfecting the social securitysystem to control the risk of the farmers who lose the land, increasing the government’s efforts topromote the urbanization.Combining international experience and our conditions, we can give following advices onpromoting the process of our peasants’ citizenship. Strengthening the responsibility of thegovernment; Deepening the rural land system reform which is the premise; Exploring thecompensation and resettlement way to guarantee a sustainable livelihoods for the land-lost villagers;Promoting the reform of household registration system which is focused on canceling the two yuancensus register discrimination; Establishing the social security system covering both urban and ruralresidents；Improving the overall quality of the villagers to adapt to the requirements of villagers’subject quality turning into townspeople; Accelerating the urbanization process; Broadening thespace of citizenship to the villagers. Among these measures, some are more fit for this street agency,for example,the changes of administrative villages management to residents in communitymanagement, the transformation of the community residents promoted by community cultureconstruction, promoting collective economic share-holding system reform, actively to use thelocation advantages to development related industry, increase the employment opportunities forcommunity residents, the joint of the urban and rural social security system.