The Building Of Women’s Social Welfare System In China

No matter in China or abroad, women’s social welfare system is a new word. But looking back at the early social security system, we can find that the basic hypothesis is that woman works at home, taking care of the families, birthing babies, cleaning up houses; while the husband, as bread-earner, works outside. Under this hypothesis, the early social security system gave women the dependent pension. We can find these kinds of regulations in 《Beverage Reports》 and in the Germany social security system.In the past decades, family-model has changed very much. The instability of family makes women independent and goes out to get job. Meanwhile, social security system is reformed as job-oriented. But women are not so good in the labor market. They are mostly part-time workers, getting lower compensation in in-formal sections. All of these working characteristics are unfair under the formal social security system, because the formal work and full-time work are the requirement of getting social security welfare.Although the social security system is changing and reforming, the job-oriented and contribution-related requirements are somewhere gender-blind. We can’t see the decision-makers consider the difference between man and woman and consider the labor market’s inequality.There comes the problem of poverty among older women, and the problem is becoming worse and worse, because of the longevity of human being. This problem will have bad effect on the older women’s latter lives, as well as the welfare of the whole family and the harmony of the society.This dissertation probes about "women’s social welfare system". The author starts with the phenomenon---the poverty among older women. After the analysis of the reasons, the author gives the solving ways:Building the women’s social welfare system. Under the international contrast, the author gets the basic steps to build China’s women’s social welfare system.The dissertation consists of seven parts:Introduction section and the following six chapters.Introduction mainly discusses the background for selecting the research, its theoretical and practical significances, visual angles, methodology, the current research status both domestic and abroad and major updated innovations.Chapter1gives a definition of the poverty among older women and the women’s social welfare system. The author also gave a theoretical analysis of the women’s social welfare system, such as the feminist theory and social security research. It got the resolution that there is gender blind in the reform of social security system.Chapter2analyses the current status and trend of poverty among the older women. In this part, the author defines the poverty and points out that the poverty among older women will be more and more serious in the near future, because the whole longevity of human being is becoming longer and longer. It will give the older women cohort, the related families and the whole society great pressure.Chapter3probes the reasons of the poverty among older women. Firstly, the whole human being is becoming older and older, while women being older than men. Secondly, women are earning less in the labor market, getting less education in their earlier education age, contributing more for the well-being of household. When they are old, they have fewer assets to live like most men do. If their husbands are living, they have dependents. But for those very old women, their husbands are dead; maybe their lives are very poor and independent.Chapter4probes the necessary needs of building women’s social welfare system in china, it’s important for older women, for family welfare and for the social welfare system at all. The author analyzes the necessity and feasibility of building "women’s social welfare system" in China.Chapter5is a contrast of the worldwide women’s social welfare system. The author takes European countries, like Norway, Sweden and France, as examples, to analyze the mature experiences in the welfare-window countries. Thirdly, the author analyzes the effect of the reform of social security on the welfare of older women. Lastly, the author takes Japan as example to analyze the solving ways under the oriental cultures. Chapter6gets systematic solvents on the building of "women’s social welfare system". The author gives a plan to build China’s "women’s social welfare system", especially the building of the survivor’s pension.This thesis involves three innovations:1. This thesis takes gender into the analysis of the social security reform in China. The feminist focus on the inequality of the labor market and the housework, but nobody thinks of the problem of the gender-blind of the social security system. The social security experts focus on the equality of social security system, but very less people focus on the relationship between the gender and social security system.2. This thesis has firstly defined the definition of women’s social security from a new point. The building of "women’s social welfare system" is based on a complicated analysis of the gender difference in the field of housework and labor market.3. This thesis has great practical significances. The author gives a suggestion on building "women’s social welfare system", especially the system of the survivor’s pension. It will solve many poor older women’s lively problem as well as the welfare of family member and the society harmony.Although there are some innovations in this essay, but under constrict of time and resources, as well as the knowledge of the author, this essay needs more research on the construction of the "women’s social welfare system" in China.