Study On The Urban Poverty During The Society Transforming Period In Our Country

During the society transforming period in our country, urban poverty is the very important economic, political and social questions. So applying social mutual-construction theory, the paper resurvey the urban poverty during the society transforming period in our country, with the method of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, based on sorting out the home and abroad poverty research, discussing on the occurrence mechanism of city poverty,reveal the logic of survival of the urban poverty under the mutual-construction of institutions and actions. Investigate the participation of the multiple subjects between individual and society in poverty relief, and the change of the pressure of survival in the urban poverty. Discussing on the more positive and effective strategy of urban poverty during the transforming period from the perspective of the social mutual-construction theory.The study found that urban poverty is a mutual-construction process between individual and society during the transforming period in our country. The process is accompanied with differences and conflicts. Specifically, the adjustment of industrial structure, the change of employment system and the social security system, the change of the paternalism relationship between the country and enterprise to personal autonomy——the country supply limited help, so the relationship between the individual and the country changed with the change of the relationship between the country and enterprise. Theoretically, that is not only a control to the individual, also is an opportunity because that the individual obtain the freedom of choosing career and jobs, personal autonomy improved. But, the role consciousness and behavioral norms of individual fully dependent on the enterprise which formed in the in the planned economy era cannot change thoroughly in short period of time, the dependence of inertia will exist for a period.And the new adjustment disorders between the country and the individual due to the deficiency of resources and market capacities. That is an unavoidable outcome the individual fell into poverty for a period under the social mutual-construction relationship.In this structural context, the urban poverty groups show great subjective initiatives. The urban poverty groups respond to the adjustment of structure and the changes of institutions. The people take the action strategy adapt to the market actively those have the resources fit the need of the market and strong market capacities. They seek to new activities in the condition of constraints and opportunities coexist. But the urban poverty groups which subjects to the deficiency of self resources and market capacities show positive or negative resistance based on the survival ration. The choice of survival action under the pressure of survival urges the country to maintain the basic living of the urban poverty groups through establishing the multiple levels of poverty relief system for the consideration of maintaining social stability. When the basic life is security, the urban poverty groups respond to the multiple levels of poverty relief system in the choice of taking non-regular employment actively. They engaged in self-employed, odd jobs, become a member of city peddlers in the cities, and they seek to new mode of survival by their own efforts.Pluralism participation of intermediary organizations also affects the change of the survival pressure of the urban poverty groups. Family network supp rt more economic support to the urban poverty group, daily care and emotional support, and that has played an important role in relieving the pressure of survival. Community as a platform to undertake the social security service which commissioned by the government, and they take plenty of administrative work. For the welfare provided by the community organizations, although plays a certain role in alleviating family difficulties of the laid-off workers, the urban poverty groups are not very satisfied to this welfare system because of the short-term of the employment program, invalidity of training and the conflict between employment welfare and subsistence allowances. The help of non-profit organizations for poverty alleviation is very limited, no matter from the number of participation or the perspective of the content. There are great deficiency and scarcity of welfare providing in community from non-profit organizations. It is unable to form a good interactive mechanism between the individual and non-profit organization, and lose the premise of the mutual-construction for the absence of the non-profit organization. The urban poverty groups are constraint in participating market employment and share the opportunities of the national social security because the rejection of the urban poverty group from the enterprise, the flexibility of implementation of the policy, the absence of paying social insurance. The urban poverty groups face more severe survival pressure for that behavioral choice of evasion of responsibility of enterprises, and that due to the most common behavioral choice of silence from the urban poverty groups, they show great patience and accommodation to the rejection, flexibility and absence of the enterprises.At last, the paper puts forward the policy suggestions on the urban poverty during the society transforming period in our country from the perspective of social mutual-construction theory. Such as continue to play the role of the government in poverty reduction, improve the participating enthusiasm and abilities of the individual, develop the effect of the family network in poverty alleviation, mining the function of community in poverty reduction, improving the effect of the non-profit organization in poverty reduction and reduce the rejection to the urban poverty groups from the market.