Study On The Basic Characteristics Of The Communist Party Of China Rural Social Governance

This paper has three parts. It analyzes the basic features of the Communist Party of Chinese rural social governance since the birth of PRC:adhere to the unity of the leadership of the Party, the position of the villagers as masters of the countryside and law-based governance.Through combing the 60 years of the Communist Party of China’s rural social governance history we find that the Chinese Communist Party leadership to agriculture, rural areas and farmers is essentially omnipotent leader before the 30 years of reform and opening up.After 30 years of reform and opening up, the Chinese Communist Party leadership to agriculture, rural areas and farmers is based on the basis of the "family business" of property rights, and gradually completed the new socialist countryside construction and urbanization, thus, to achieve purposes of the position of the villagers as masters of the countryside. Therefore, this paper concluded:first, the leadership of the Party is the fundamental guarantee the position of the villagers as masters of the countryside and governing the village by law. The construction and development of rural Party organizations is to ensure the rights of the peasant masses to exercise autonomy and be the fundament of building a socialist countryside by law.Second, if the position of the people as masters of the country is the essential requirement of socialist democracy, the position of the villagers as masters of the countryside is the fundamental objective of Chinese rural grass-roots democracy. The rule of law and order and building a harmonious society in rural China depend the democratic process of the majority of the villagers. Democracy and the rule of law has always been one of the sides, indivisible. Third, if the law-based governance is the fundamental strategy of our Party governing country,the administering the village by law is simply passing governance of our Party leadership to rural society,which is the main lessons learned in the history of the CPC 60 years of socialist construction in rural areas. The main contents of the three chapters summarized as:Part I describes the Communist Party of China’s rural Party organizations for the agriculture, rural areas and farmers leadership mechanisms and institutional changes in the PRC 60 years. From the founding of PRC to reform and opening up the rural primary Party organizations construction has experienced a zigzag course of exploration. In general, the Party’s political line and organizational line is correct before the accomplishment of socialist transformation in 1957. The rural Party organization construction work closely around the land reform and socialist transformation of agriculture, and so on,the central task, widely spread, which ensure the realization of the Party’s political tasks in the countryside from the organization of Party. From 1957 to the end of the Cultural Revolution, although the rural Party organization construction has made certain achievements, the 20 years is the party’s "leftist" guiding ideology vicious cycle. The 20 years can be divided into two periods:the beginning of socialist construction for ten years and ten years of "Cultural Revolution". The construction of rural Party organization developed tortuously in ten years of the beginning of socialist construction. Our Party, the state and the people experienced the most serious setbacks and losses since PRC in the decade of the Cultural Revolution. In this decade, the Party’s organization in rural areas also suffered serious damage. After the reform and opening up, Our Party change gradually the Party’s governance model while it established a strong emphasis on upholding the party. Final unified power mode successfully transformed into diversified power mode. The power structure of the "diversity" does not negate the core leadership of the party. The Party has always been a dominant force in the process of the development of villagers’ autonomy. The Party’s play of the dominant forces should not rely on the direct control of the rural society, rather than change its ruling way, improve the ruling ability. A system of "autonomy" must continue to improving its "autonomy" function. The political interaction of between the dominance of the party and villagers dominant position is the starting point of "autonomy" function to improve. This political interaction should also be a win-win results.Part Ⅱ discusses the historical change of the position of the villagers as masters of the countryside in 60 years of the PRC. Before reform and opening up, the communist party of China has chosen the highly centralized society control mode. Although this has been theoretically about the popularity of power, but power operation mode has been escalating highly concentrated on the background of the people of the "generation" of the management system. The position of the villagers as masters of the countryside is more and more narrow from the peasant associations, cooperatives to the people’s commune, while political delegate rights" are gradually increased. The China rural areas are a paradigm about the new rural governance mode conversion in 1978, because this conversion is a successful institutional change. The family contract system is the revolutionary milestone in rural economic management in 1978’Xiaogang. The successful practice of "all-round responsibility system" induced the birth of the rural governance mechanisms in Xiaogang. In 1980 the villagers committees was born in rural Guangxi. The villagers committee is the symbol of villagers’ autonomy. Villagers’ autonomy marked the villagers really started to become the subject of rural governance.Part Ⅲ discusses that the communist party of China explore in governing village by law since the birth of the PRC. Any modernize the country should be a relatively complete legal system countries. From the birth of the PRC, the first generation of Party leaders was difficult to explore for it. The Third Plenary Session of the eleven opened a new journey Chinese legal construction. In the guidance of the new concept of the top legal construction, China legal system more complete step by step. The "rule of law" concept also gradually reveal, finally established the new strategy of "rule of law" in the fifteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. This is a historical leap in Chinese legal history. In the new design of the top legal construction, legal system construction of rural bottom Chinese has entered a new era. Governing village by law has become the main method of rural governance.