| Among the 55 ethnic minorities in China, with 28 national population under three hundred thousand, was defined as Small ethnic groups, they are the earliest local aboriginal, ancient traditional production and life style, harmony between nature and demands of the simple. Under the trend of national integration, these nations are more passive into the process of modernization, this situation makes many of the existence and development of culture of ethnic minorities is facing many problems, even with the risk of death. And in the countries in the process of the modernization of national social policy has played a decisive role.As a typical example of the northern Small ethnic groups,Oroqen is going through hardships of modernization. Taken in the late 1950 s, the state of Oroqen settled, switch and a series of social policy brought them on social transformation and cultural adaptation of a series of problems. Today the modernization transformation has been completed, but the cultural transformation is far from realization in the true sense of modernization. The government designed to improve the lives of underdeveloped regions in the history of social policies and projects have been achieved some effects, but in the long term is not very ideal. Reconstruction after completion of Oroqen culture, lifestyle and values are already, but due to a lack of mechanism of endogenous self-reliance, and have to face the embarrassment of the country to raise up, even in the spirit of traditional culture gradually disappear. This is the social policy in the implementation process and the actual legislation spirit deviating phenomenon. From social policy, therefore, the existing problems in practice, reflect on the modernization of Oroqen comparison, from the rare opportunity of the development of the national modernization, in the practice of reflection is also thought to the modernization of Small ethnic groups select a correction.Integrated the above considerations, in this paper, the approach is :with the help of Max Weber’s modernization theory and the theoretical framework of social policy, to "culture" as a research paradigm in the study of ethnic and national modernization as the background, to social policy as the breakthrough point, Oroqen area as the research object, in accordance with the related theories of social evaluation and index of our country social minority policy design and implementation of evaluation and reflection. Based on this, this article will into modern cultural, social, political, and economic dimension of "four modernizations", and social policy is defined, which refers to the influence of public welfare, the government policy and planning, mainly includes five aspects: social security, employment, medical care, education and housing policy. At the same time, in the study, grasps "the influence in decision making, the concept of culture is stronger than ideology" the judgment, to explore the effects of social policy of national modernization attaches great importance to the cultural factors in the role.Through policy on Small ethnic groups of social reality effect evaluation, in populated areas of the Oroqen nationality modern development dilemma as reference, the thesis of this article make a reflection and response: the country’s modernization development strategy should follow the design concept of how to realize the modernization of an accepted by Small ethnic groups, how can you protect the ethnic culture on the basis of traditional make its glow the new vitality, in the process design and implementation of social policy and how to improve.First of all, the reflection of national modernization development strategy, its social policy, the default is to assume that population less nationalities is backward, the original, life is painful, so, so must to modify their lifestyle, put them into the already defined development model, make it keep up with the modern history. The simplification of the preset make Small ethnic groups on the premise of ignoring the cultural differences in the market is "planning" into the country’s modernization, ignore the feelings of the world and the complexity of the value system, more rarely think about the uniqueness of national culture. With the comprehensive development of country modernization transformation, in the social policy practice under the guidance of scientific concept of development should be more reflect the guiding idea of "social governance". Social policy in the design in accordance with the principle of from the traditional or the constitution, the laws and regulations, in addition to guarantee the "legitimacy", more should pay attention to the "legitimacy", which can be subjective acceptable degree of policy implementation object. Only let the Small ethnic groups could accept social policy to get positive response and persistent support in practice. In addition, in different cultural forms policy designers and the cultural values of each other by designer should acknowledge and respect to each other. In terms of Small ethnic groups, social policy formulation must respect their national cultural values, cannot be forced to change, the idea also helps to better play its minority "subjectivity".Secondly, based on the importance of cultural factors in the process of modernization, the modernization of Small ethnic groups of the deep culture to make the following response: The first is the national ecological resources control and voice to face a double deprived. Small ethnic groups of cultural beliefs and its natural environment together firmly. In recent years, large state-owned farms, forest farms, mining and other construction projects on the natural resources of unconditional, without the development of selective, severely damaged the local ecological balance, the population less nationalities relies for survival and their homes in the name of the law of cultural reproduction ruthless possession. The conflict between modern civilization and native civilization at the same time, also created a new ethnic discrimination, cause a way of life first mover for more laggard subconscious comparison. Passive modernization as the economic production mode, the traditional culture in ethnic minorities and the mainstream national gradually lost voice in the fusion of Chinese culture, which itself of its economic modernization; The second, the lack of national subject participation mechanism. National culture protection and development are often dominated by the government, the lack of ethnic minorities to participate in higher level decision-making opportunity, unable to truly mobilize the participation enthusiasm and passion, cause many of the government’s social policy is not support for understanding, and even led to a misunderstanding and contradiction. The implementation of national autonomous areas, also on the grant of minority rights and respect for compressing the scattered in the rights of ethnic minorities in the population of nationalities existence space. The third is to maintain national community culture is loose. With the constant improvement of the socialization, the scattered type, mixed type of minority way makes the increase in the number of exchanges and intermarriage between ethnic groups, and Small ethnic groups of young men are mostly migrant workers, it is difficult to form a certain influential ethnic community, once people lose their traditional culture based on community and community of faith, national stability and national security will be very dangerous.Finally, the perfect social policy, minority must stick to the development of cultural diversity on the design idea and for each race condition of the design concept, insist on the principle of classification and arrangement in coordination in the process of implementation, the principle of national main body participation. In order to achieve a correction of national social policy must be from four aspects: The first is how to restore traditional livelihoods. Retain its rights in the application of environment, resources, only to safeguard their rights environmental resources, to give their right to survival and development; The second is respect for the subjectivity of national culture. Social policy formulation to on the premise of respect for the cultural rights and respect for their minority cultural dominance; The third is given by the main body participation. To implement a policy or project design goal, in the inheritance of culture at the same time promoting economic, must in the local people main body, focus on the community residents demand as the main body of culture, and set up a spontaneous sustainable cultural production mechanism. Four is the national cultural heritage "spirit community". Continuation of the carrier of national traditional culture is the ethnic community and spiritual beliefs, social policy to encourage contributed to the formation of influential national community, through community activities on a regular basis inheriting national culture and national spirit faith.In a word, the culture of the Small ethnic groups is the modernization of the national fundamental survival. Hope that through the research and the change of thinking mode to build the whole society to respect the cultures of the ethnic, through the improvement of the social policy, better to consider the needs of the culture of ethnic minorities live, for the modern development of Small ethnic groups to create a broader space, finally realize all nationalities " Each have each beautiful, enjoy other beauty, beauty and beauty coexist, all beauty f" the good state!... |
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