Research On The Reform Of Vietnamese Representative Election System

Since the reform and opening up in 1986, the CPV begun the reform of Vietnamese representative election system including congress and people’s councils electoral system.In the change process of twenty years, Vietnam implemented a series of reform measures, got a good effect of reform in representative electoral system, walked a representative election reform road of Vietnamese specialties.In particular, the direct election and larger difference of representatives, full-time representative system, the public opinion of candidate determination phase,more open campaigning, a wide range of election propaganda, as well as adequate training for female candidates, which are particularly admirable.In China, the electoral system of people’s congress is still in the early stage of development. There are many shortcomings in the demarcation of constituencies, nomination and determination procedures of candidates, campaigning, full-time representative, direct election range, the difference ratio, election propaganda, etc.Therefore, we must actively learn from the successful measures of Vietnam similar to China’s national conditions, and basing on China’s national conditions, learning its strengths, complementing its weaknesses, have the courage to practice, and constantly improve, to strengthen China’s electoral system construction of people’s congress and promote the sound development of democratic politics with Chinese characteristics has important practical significance.This is also the purpose of this dissertation.The reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system was an unity that continuity and change coexists, was a process of systematic reform. The dissertation mainly discusses background, process, key measures, social effects and problems of Vietnamese representative electoral system reform since the reform and opening up.The reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system is the result of many factors working together.This paper specificly analyzes historical background of Vietnamese representative electoral system reform since the reform and opening up.And this paper elaborates on this issue from the five aspects that is the economic reform, conventions of representative electoral system, drawbacks of the present representative election system, the ruling party’s willing to reform, the roles of the senior leaders of Vietnamese Communist Party, which comprehensively presents the historical background of reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system. The reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system is also a gradual process. Since the establishment of the reform and opening up in the sixth national congress of CPV, in the reform of twenty years, the process of the reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system can be roughly divided into three stages:preparation phase,1986-1990; the initial stage,1991-1996; the further development stage:since 1997.Since the reform and opening up, Vietnam implemented a series of reform measures in representative electoral system. These measures of the reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system is remarkable, is also what we should learn.The important measures of the reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system are concerned.The national assembly election and people’s council elections are both direct election. The difference ratio of representative of national assembly and people’s council is generally above 50%. Since the reform and opening up, CPV attached great importance to the representative structure problem, continuously improved the proportion of full-time, women and minority representatives. The construction of full-time representatives is especially a major highlight of the reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system.CPV attached great importance to the construction of full-time representatives, continuously improved the proportion of full-time representatives of national assembly and people’s council.Currently, the proportion of full-time representatives of national assembly reaches 30%, while the proportion of full-time representatives of people’s council at all levels is close to 20%.In terms of electoral procedure reform, refining candidate determination procedures and improving campaign are the main content. Preliminary candidates of representatives want to be official candidates, more than 50% of votes of the location is necessary. The campaigning of representative elections is also more open, the interactive process of candidates and voters is real.It is commendable that the government allows official candidates to use media in campaigning.In terms of supporting measures in elections, CPV used two approaches to create a good political environment of representative elections.On the one hand, CPV created a good political environment of representative elections through the improvement of election monitoring, election propaganda and election training.On the other hand, CPV created a good external political environment of representative elections through the improvement of grassroots election, inner-party election and referendum.In particular, allowing the media to monitor the elections process, using a variety of ways to carry out election propaganda, organizing election forum with the broad participation of voters, carrying out adequate training for women candidates, building a coordination development political ecology of grassroots election, inner-party election and referendum, which these measures are not only impressive, but also worth learning.The reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system since the reform and opening up also received good social effects, better achieved the Vietnamese people are the masters, expanded the government’s public opinion, reduced social conflicts, enhanced the people’s supervision of government power, been widely recognized by the international community, and advantageously consolidated the CPV’s leadership. Of course, the Vietnamese representative electoral system also has many problems, such as candidate determination procedures are too strict, the government gives special care to their own candidates, the proportion of nomination and elected of independent and non-party candidates is not high, the proportion of women representatives still needs to improve.The main innovations of this paper are the following three aspects.Firstly, the topic is new. At home and abroad there is no specific research in the reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system, this paper will first discuss the reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system. In the perspective of the topic, the paper has a valuable feedback effect.Secondly, the content is new. Elaborating on the reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system, I have my own views. Especially in elaborating the background, process, measures, social effects and problems, I put forward my own views. I summarize the historical background of the reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system as the five aspects that is the economic reform, conventions of representative electoral system, drawbacks of the present representative election system, the ruling party’s willing to reform, the roles of the senior leaders of Vietnamese Communist Party, which comprehensively presents the historical background of reform of Vietnamese representative electoral system.According to the election laws and regulations of Vietnamese representative election, and the practical process of Vietnamese representative election, the author innovatively divides the process of the reform of Vietnamese representative election system into three stages.Additionally; the measures, social effects and problems of the reform of Vietnamese representative election system are also main innovations of this paper. Thirdly, the perspective is new. This paper first discusses people’s council electoral system. This broadens the single perspective of congressional election on the study of Vietnamese representative election system. The Deficiencies of this paper is mainly the following three aspects.First, the Vietnamese literature is relatively scarce. My own Vietnamese is poor, and channels for finding Vietnamese literature are relatively limited.In addition, I also did not buy the paper version of the Vietnamese books, newspapers and other materials. Second, the theory depth of this paper is not enough.Due to my limited knowledge, theoretical thinking and vision level, and the lack of adequate Vietnamese literature, so the depth of this paper is not enough. Third, the lack of field observations. I have not been to Vietnam, not observing the process of Vietnamese representative election, so the study of this paper is only at the normative level.