Investigation On The Immigration And Spatial Distribution Of Floating Population In Mega City Of China

Mega City is an important carrying area where attracts a significant amount of floating population. Floating population has been an essential component for the sustainable development and restructure of mega city. China is becoming a product country of mega cities, and the floating population is an important incentive of “city illness” of Chinese mega cities. In this paper, we choose the floating population immigration and spatial distribution of floating population in mega city as research objectives. Taking Beijing as an example, it constructs initially the dynamic mechanism model and spatial distribution influencing mechanism of floating population immigration in Chinese mega cities. The main conclusion and contribution of this paper is four-fold.Firstly, taking four municipalities directly under the central government, especially comparing attraction function spatial patterns of two strong attraction centers of Beijing and Shanghai, this research finds out the general characteristics of floating population immigration in Chinese mega cities. Firstly, Chinese mega cities are the main destination of floating population, and this trend is still strengthening. Second, the attraction of Chinese mega-cities to floating population is highly related with their development stage and development level. Tianjin, Chongqing and other relatively underdeveloped mega cities have great potential to attract floating population, while Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other mega cities will enter a relatively stable new stage, along with development level and continuous increase of its population size. Thirdly, through full factors analysis of influencing factors in the three municipalities of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, the paper finds out that the influencing factor is shifting from the pulling effects of destinations to pushing effects of hometowns. Economic factor plays the dominant role in the floating population immigration process in Chinese mega cities. Distance as special factor has a direct impact on floating population immigration in Chinese mega cities, and social networking social factor has a significant impact.Secondly, through the integration of pull-push model in classical economics and unbalanced labor market model in development economics, this paper considers the fundamentals and key influencing factors, and taking Beijing as example, constructs creatively initially the dynamic mechanism model of floating population immigrationin Chinese mega cities, which is four-factor-driving-model of demand supporting platform based on increasing filtering function. This model shows a basic fact, that floating population is an important power for Beijing economic and social development, and labor contribution rate of floating population is signifantly higher that of registered population, which constitutes the demanding space of fundamentals; the marginal contribution and marginal cost of floating population immigration decides the filter screen with increasing self-screening function; through the identification of key influencing factors based on basic demanding space of Beijing floating population immigration, the most important factor of immigration is the job opportunities for the floating population, followed by the social networks of these migrate residents, spatial distance, and the advantages of public services. Through the comparison of generative mechanism and resource allocation pattern, this paper proposes, that four-factor-driving-model of demand supporting platform based on increasing filtering function, which is constructed with Beijing as example, could explain the typicalness and universality of dynamic mechanism of floating population immigration in Chinese mega cities.Thirdly, the general characters of special distribution of floating population in Chinese mega cities could be summarized as alienated concentric circles with light blobs scattered, and tends to remain “outward relocation, intensive aggregation”, which means the migration residents generally relocate from city centers to the suburbs and they are usually willing to concentrate at some regions. On one side, the migration residents generally relocate from city centers to the suburbs and this basic structure is relatively stable and is hard to break; on the other hand, the distribution of floating populations presents remarkable spacial concentration, especially in the near suburbs and extended areas along the main traffic lines. The typical streets(villages or districts) of highly concentrated immigration are mainly distributed in this area and the volume is obviously increasing.Fourthly, it shows industrial development and job opportunities, regional development and urban construction, living spaces and housing choices, social network and self services, policy making and governmental management are considered as the five key factors or five power of simplified model of population spatial distributions of floating population in Chinese mega cities. The analysis on the Beijing case shows, this influencing mechanism has a good explanation power and the functional result ofall influencing factors points out, the special distribution of floating population tends to remain “outward relocation, intensive aggregation”, which means the migration residents generally relocate from city centers to the suburbs and they are usually willing to concentrate at some regions. The economic and political advantages of Chinese mega cities decide, the analysis results and above functional mechanism taking Beijing as example has relative universal explanation on Chinese mega cities.