Research On Retired Soldiers Employment Of China Based On The Perspective Of Employability

Employment placement forretired soldiersrefers to the government based on relevant laws and regulations, when soldiers retired, gives them funds and related services in order to return and to adapt society according their contribution for the country. Since the twenty-first century, with the in-depth reform, original placement policy becomes increasingly difficult to maintain, and retired soldier’s placementis becoming aggravating serious social problems.Most research focus on the summary and discussion of the policy and its implementation, which lacks of scientific depth and theoretical height; lacks of research on the self employment and vocational skills training of the retired soldiers, and there are few in-depth investigation and interviews to the policy makers. Therefore, the discussion and conclusion lacks empirical support and policy implementation effect analysis.The perspective of this paper is improving the employment ability to retired soldiers, it use public product theory, the human capital gains theory, the employmentability theory, the labor market supply and demand theory and labor market search and matching theory, to study the job placement of retired soldierswhich less social attention butmass social influence, and put forward the corresponding policy recommendations. The research object of this paper can be concluded as the following: duty soldiersand sergeants whichareservice less than 12 years, they have to work independently; the sergeants whichareservice more than 12 years, they either can choose the government arrangingjob or can choose self employment. Thus, employment placement includes two aspects of meaning:job placement and self employment under the support of government which be given retired benefitsand a just-for-once economic subsidy.This paper researches the job placement and vocational skills training ofretired soldiersas well as its reasons based on the analysis and relevant materials. The problems mainly contains:the mismatch which are employment ability and awareness of employment ofretired soldiers; vocational skills training and employment promotion, the original military knowledge/skills and market demand; decentralized management, lack of unified decision-making coordination mechanism,retired soldiersof the entrepreneurial enthusiasm is not higher; the local government takes more responsibility than the central government,the less developed regions’than the developed regions of economy, the state-owned units’than the non-state units; the basic standard of retired benefits is lower,the soldier’s service environmentdid not reflect, a just-for-once economic subsidy of local government is unreasonable, the subsidy is not standardized; the law is missing, and the degree of regulation is lower, laws and regulations lag, legal provision is not enough, resettlement policy and the reform of the household registration system is not coordinated.The main reasonsinclude:theretired soldiers overestimate their own employment ability; vocational skills training absent or not in place; the special nature of military labor and the higher vocational conversion cost; reserved department management authority which identified in the planned economy period,the power department has diversification of interests in market economic; the government has a complete monopoly control over social resources; the central financial and local financial burden of incentive regulation mechanism is not reasonable; regional economic development is not balanced; continue the state-owned units to assume the responsibility for employment placement; the government’s estimate of the economic situation is insufficient and the management is relatively rigid; legal system and supporting measures construction is lagging behind in long time, Etc..This paper dissects the vocational skills training and employment promotion method in the U.S.A., the Federal Republic of Germany, the U.K., the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the Republic of India, etc. Then summarizes the advantages that can be learned from, which is to start the vocational skills training during the service, to diversify the training plan, to improve the legal protection system, to allow social forces to participate in vocational skills training, to emphasis the academic education to enhance soldier’s market competitiveness.The suggestionswhich include:to maintain the military manpower capital, counterpart matches employment; to pay attention vocational training propaganda, realize role transformation; to carry out the full range of vocational skills training; to straighten outthe relationship between the different employment placement subject; to coordinate economic development, improve the economic compensation system; toperfect laws and regulations system, strengthen employment management and service. The paper has made a preliminary attempt in the following aspects:the counterpart matching employment, the "customized" vocational skills training, the base of transitional employment placement, the establishment of retired soldiers’placement administration, the formulation of "The Law of Retired Soldiers’Placement".