| Since the 20 th century, the relationship of the normal spectrum between man and nature is gradually torned. when we cheered for economic growth, material abundance, smug, we forgot that we bet with life. Environmental problem has become a major issue which threat human’s survival and development. So coordinating the relationship between human and nature, dealing conflicts between environmental problems and humans are our the key theory and practice subject in our time. Unlike “wild” philosophy, there is no doubt that we should based on Marx’s brilliant academic picture scroll, dig its ecological human thought and imply with a positive response to the new subject, reveal the theory “to change the world” in the nature of Marxist philosophy. Thus it is not only help to actively respond to accusation of Marx’s anti-ecological theory, but to establish Marxism’s foundation of transition from “speed-up development” to “scientific development” in the ecological civilization of the new era of discourse.This study founded by Marx and Engels dialectical materialism and historical materialism, took the discourse of the representative works of the classical Marx and Engels discussed as the foundation of text, referred to other scholars related works at the same time, based on Marxist philosophy, science and technology philosophy, ecological philosophy, ethics, as a multidisciplinary perspective, using the text study, the unity of history and logic, of theory with practice, in the premise of Marx’s ecological thoughts about studies of criticism on the basis of context, this paper focused on studies and dialysis process of Marx’s ecological human thought, its content and feature, modern values as such.The full text consists of an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion.Introduction: It expounded the reason for the selected topic and research significance of this study. Then, focus on the current comb and reviews the research status of both in native and abroad, finally puts forward basic thought and research methods of the study, and difficult point of this article and possible innovation.The first chapter: The historical context of Marx’s ecological thoughts of human science. With the completion of the capitalist industrial revolution, the proletariat began to seek their own way of liberation, the ecological environment of the capitalist countries is deteriorating, the working and living condition of the workers become serious. These three aspects constitute the practical context of Marx’s ecological thought of human science. In terms of theory, since human appear, the relationship between human and nature were explored and considered. It is not the main aim for this chapter, but it mainly focus on the perspective closely related to this research thought and Marx’s critique of three aspects:(1) on the relation between man and nature define and Marx’s critique from the German classical philosophy of Kant, Hegel and Feuerbach;(2) on the Malthusian population, as well as the basic idea of Marxism on its population mostly false bourgeois ideology, the abstractness of the population, life data theory of linear growth;(3) the real socialism on the main idea of the relationship between man and nature as well as Marx’s critique. In the process of ecological thinking of human science production, formation, establishment, development and evolution, Marx thought not only inherit three aspects above, but more critical and exceeding than them, which highlights the uniqueness of Marx concerns the relation between man and nature.The second chapter: the historical retrospect of Marx’s ecological thoughts of human science. By “back to Marx”, this chapter tries to overall view the historical process which Marx create the ecological thoughts of human science. As early as in the graduate thesis and doctoral dissertation, the problems of the internal relations between self-awareness and the real world, man and nature(surrounding environment) have already entered into Marx’s theoretical horizon. In “Economic and philosophical manuscripts in 1844”, Marx takes the “free conscious activities” as the mainline, takes man and nature’s liberation from the constraint of the alienation of capital logic as his ultimate aim, elaborates and demonstrates the ecological relevance and mutual generation between man and nature, and forms the ecological thoughts of human science which “humanitarianism equals naturalism”. Based on the classic thesis that “the change of environment coincides with the self change of man”, in “The German Ideology”, “The Communist Manifesto” and other works, standing on the standpoint of material production, Marx further elucidates and powerfully demonstrates the uniformity of man and nature, the ecological thoughts of human science which man and nature dialogue dialectically basically established. In “Capital” and its manuscripts, Marx’s ecological thoughts of human science constantly enrich and expand; his material transformation theory, the theory of the forces of nature and labor theory contain a lot of thoughts which man and nature’s ecological fit. At the same time, Marx gives an outstanding and deep ecological critique on the material transformation cracks which caused by capitalism.The third chapter: the basic content of Marx’s ecological thoughts of human science. Based on the definition of Marx’s ecological thought of human science, this chapter tries to present the three main contents of the basic contents of Marx’s ecological thought of human science from the perspective of the connection of human and nature, of the ecological criticism of capitalism, of the liberation for both man and nature. Marx advocates that man and nature are co-evolutionary and ecological linkage—— "Humanism = Naturalism". On the one hand, the purpose of nature’s existing is for human being, which is born to people and unified with human; on the other hand, man must be rooted in the nature, relying on the nature’s generation and development, taking care of nature and emerging in nature. Considering the situation that cutting the relationship between human and nature in capitalist society, Marx has carried out the ecological criticism of the three dimensions of the capitalism, and has revealed the same end of the capital logic and metaphysics conspiracy. At last, Based on the definition of the liberation of man and nature, this chapter mainly discusses specifically the internal relevance among the liberation of labor, science and technology and the liberation of man. It tries to present that during the ecological transformation of practice paradigm, Marx sublates the segmentation of man and nature, and goes to the firm assertion that the liberation of man and nature names the real and comprehensive revival of nature.The fourth chapter: The main characteristics of Marx’s ecological thoughts of human science. This chapter tries to show the characteristics of Marx’s ecological thought of human science from three aspects: first, the most prominent feature of the ecological anthropology of Marx which based on the practice to investigate the ecological consistency between man and nature. In Marx’s view, the relationship between man and nature is the essence of Marx’s ecological thought of human science and the bridge which link human and nature for consistency and dialectical dialogue based on the practical unity of passivity activity. Second, Marx’s ecological anthropology has outstanding social and historical characteristics. Marx advocated in the relations between man and nature, man and society cannot be separated. Based on practice as the intermediary and bridge, dialectical interaction between human and nature in historical process which have been reproduced the various material and social relations, that forms a multiple and organic interactive system of “human- Nature – society”. Third, Marxist ecological and human dialectics is based on the dialectic unity of scientific view and values, of regularity and purpose, of fact and should to be,of science and revolution. These three aspects constitute the main characteristics of Marx’s ecological thought of human science, and it is a further enrichment and development of the basic content of Marx’s ecological thought of human science.The fifth chapter: the contemporary value of Marx’s ecological thoughts of human science from three aspects. First, allegations of Marx’s keynote is "the domination of nature", the Marxist’s Liberation strategy analysis and response for ignorance of natural limit, which prove that Marx’s ecological thought, far from obsolete, but still has great vitality and explanatory power, get its value in the present age. Second, Western superior ecological philosophy think and reflect today’s increasingly serious environmental problems, and to seek solution. Marxist ecological thought of man and nature ecological consistency, of associated social and dialectic of nature which provides scientific enlightenment. It integrate the Western ecological philosophy, overcome the mechanical natural view, avoid the environment problem caused by capital logic paradox. Thirdly, confronting with coordinating the relationship between “human-nature-society” the major practical problems, the ecological civilization construction of 18 th CPC National Congress included in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics “five-one” of the overall layout, which begin the beautiful chapter of "sky blue, aqua, net and picturesque". Marx’s ecological thoughts of human science insist the ecological relationship between man and nature, advocate the “man-Nature – society” of the harmonious linkage, which brings a real wisdom of thinking for the new era of socialist ecological civilization.Conclusion: to summarize the full text research, on this basis, points out the deficiency of this article and further deepen and expand the research direction. |
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