The Study On Imbalance Of Sex Ratio At Birth In China And Its Management

The sex ratio at birth (SRB) is generally supposed to lie within a range of 103-107, subject to local biological variations. The rise in the reported sex ratio at birth in China since the early 1980s has aroused the concern of scholars and policymakers. It will have far-reaching-influence in the economic, social, political, cultural and other fields. In recent years, the central and local governments-attached great importance to the problems resulted from high sex ratio at birth, developed and adopted a series of policy measures to improve birth gender structure, but the current trend in rising SRB has not yet showing clear reversal signs.Throughout the country, the specific trends of SRB in some region are going through a period of somewhat different stages and facing the complex and diverse conditions of socio-economic and cultural-background. Therefore, it has important theoretical and practical significance to study the internal mechanism of the high SRB and to analysis the different stages of development changes in SRB characteristics, which will help us to explore the socio-economic and cultural factors that impact on the sex ratio at birth.We researched the mechanism of the impact on the imbalance of SRB. The results indicate that the son preference and sex selection technology are the basic and direct cause of rising sex ratio at birth. The son preference is a necessary condition for rising sex ratio at birth, and the sex selection technology is a necessary and sufficient condition for the rising sex ratio at birth. The family that has a strong preference for boys may do everything possible to get the service of sex selection technology, which results in the increase of sex ratio at birth. The socio-economic and cultural factors affect the intensity of the son preference and the access to competent the sex selection technology, which can indirectly affect people’s reproductive behavior of gender-selection and lead to the rising of sex ratio at birth.This paper analyzed the influence mechanism of the socio-economic and cultural factors in the high sex ratio at birth with the qualitative and quantitative research method. In the course of the qualitative analysis, we study the son preference and gender selection techniques which lead to the imbalance of SRB at first. Then we build a mathematical analysis model which is combined with demographic theory and the qualitative analysis to study the various variables impacting on the sex ratio at birth and the level of the impact. Based on data of the fifth census as well as the relevant statistical data of socio-economic and cultural fields, We get started on the spatial econometric analysis eventually. The regression result shows that there is a negative correlation with changes in relationships between the sex ratio at birth and the factors, which consist the per capita resources devoted to education on the concept of child-bearing, urbanization level and the employment rate for women in the non-agricultural industries, and there is positive correlation between the SRB and some factors, such as per capita GDP, net income of rural households, women’s average years of education and the health services number per 10000 persons.Socio-economic and cultural factors have led to the imbalance in sex ratio at birth, and the high sex ratio at birth constrained the demographic and socio-economic sustainable development simultaneously. In this paper, based on the demographic theory, the corresponding mathematical model was established through the quantitative method of estimation to explain the hazards caused by high sex ratio at birth. The result shows that tens of millions of female fetuses’rights of life was deprived during the period of 1980-2009, which can be described as shocking. A huge amount of female fetuse deficit will inevitably lead to imbalance in the future of the marriage market. It is estimated that the scale of man’s marriage squeeze will be expanded year by year, and there will be 20% of men in the older unmarried state till the 2040s. In addition, from the gender perspective, we analysis the direct infringement of the high sex ratio at birth on the health rights of women and female infants and girls, as well as the indirect infringement on women’s development opportunities, living conditions and property rights. It reveals gender equity, public policy and the other problems which have existed in the policy system.Finally, the paper analysis the corresponding routing problem on governance by studying the feature of SRB at different stages.According to the available information got through on-site investigation, such as the masses wishes on birth, family planning work-team foundation and situation to carry out comprehensive management, we try to explore the root causes of selective fertility and give the alternative treatment path to be adopted at different stages of the socio-economic conditions. After researching the action of caring for girls on cases-driven method, we point out the direction for further improvement and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions as early as possible to curb the momentum of rising sex ratio at birth and eradicate the problem resulted from the imbalance of SRB.