A Study On The Structural Optimization Of Teaching Body In Local Universities And Colleges

The report of the21st century international education committee "Learning:The Treasure Within" points out that "to teach the accumulation of human nature and itself about the knowledge and the development of human creativity, teacher is always the main responsibility, they always play a dominant role." Teachers in universities and colleges are the only concrete practitioners of higher education, who is the most core elements in the higher education system, therefore, the structure of "teaching body in universities and colleges" also becomes the core component in the structure of higher education system, attention and discussion about it is the proper meaning of discipline development and practice development of higher education, and optimizing structure is the theoretical orientation and practical purpose of paying attention to and discussing this problem.Local colleges and universities are the main part of China’s higher education system, they are responsible for the popularization of higher education, as well as universalization in the future, and they perform the important task of fulfilling local even the whole country’s economic, political, cultural, and social development, by personnel training, technology innovation and intelligence services,which are the sacred duty that the other institutions can not be replaced, but the overall educational quality of the local colleges is low, teachers structural imbalance is an important constraint. This thesis mainly focuses on structural problems of local university teachers.Structure is the overall stipulation, which is the framework of internal factors of object or system. The same elements of the different permutation and combination or different connection, the structure that composed of these elements is different, its overall function is different too, graphite and diamond is a typical example, which adequately testifies that structure concept contains the quantitative matching of different elements and the connection between elements, either should be neglected, the former mainly determines the quantity aspect of the structure, which can be called quantitative relation structure, and the latter mainly determines the quality aspect of the structure, which can be called element link structure. Therefore, the structure of teaching body in local universities and colleges is refers to the whole stipulation of the quantitative matching of different teachers and the connection between different teachers, the combination of the two is just the structure. At present, however, whether higher education practitioners, higher education researchers, or higher education onlookers, in the expression of the structure of teaching body in local universities and colleges, only the former is discussed, the latter is ignored. This situation should be changed, the only way of changing is to put it on the horizon of the research.Modern higher education system shows the complexity that any period in the past does not have.The complexity of the system must be supported by the complex structure and reflected by the complex structure. Teaching body in universities and college is one of the subsystems of higher education system, it composes of a group of social members that undertaking multirole, having multiple identity, bearing multitask, and possessing high knowledge, high initiative and high innovation, the complexity of the structure goes without saying, it is hard to sum up the integrity grasp of the structure in a word. For this reason, we need to study and analyze from multiple sides of it, which including mainly age structure, degree structure, title structure, discpline structure, earning margin structure and coupling structure, and the last decides to the whole sexual function of teaching body.Structure and function are inseparable, structure decides function. The structure has its optimization and the imbalance, thus function has its optimization and imbalance. According to the connotation of structural concept, structure optimization refers to the structure is in or tend to the state or process that elements in or become reasonable matching and elements link properly. Any structure is the structure of object or system, structure optimization is the premise and key of system optimization, and the inherent regularity of the system optimization. Optimization is a judgment of value, proceeding accurate quantitative analysis of the value problem is difficult, even not impossible, and always meaningless. Therefore, based on diversity in target, resources, characteristic and environment, looking for or developing a precise of quantitative index system that can uniformly measure the structure optimization of teaching body in local universities and colleges is neither practical nor reasonable. But this does not mean that judgement of structure optimization is impossible. Any value judgment is the unity of logic and history, the judgement of structure optimization of teaching body in local university and colleges should be conducted by quantitative analysis combining qualitative analysis, or by structure internal analysis, or by its function investigation, or by the comparison between vertical and horizontal structure. The optimization of the structure is everlasting, from the comparison and development perspective, there is only better, much better, but never optimal.The structure of teaching body in universities and colleges including local ones is a commonplace and familiar topic, and it has long been focused with works by academic circles. But existing research mainly pay attention to quantitatively relation structure and ignore coupling structure. This study tries to make innovation from the following aspects:one is to point out that the connection model of different teachers namely coupling structure is the important aspect of the whole teaching body structure, and should be discussed, and through an empirical investigation on the academic communication between teachers to understand the coupling structure; the second is to point out that learning margin structure has triple characteristics including category, space and hierarchy, and analyze it empirically, and point out that the learning margin structure also has social capital characteristics and conforms to the law of it; the third to analyze the structure of teaching body in universities and colleges of developed countries systematacially, and sum up the experience about adjusting the structure comprehensively; the forth is that our higher education is in the popularization period and will also go into the universal period in the future (actually some developed cities have already approached or achieved the universal period at present), so analyzing the structure of teaching body in universities and colleges in popularization period and early universal period in developed countries, have much more enlightenment significance for reference to our country, this study will do some pioneering work in this aspect.Taking the "structure" concept as a logical starting point and the local universities and colleges as the research object, on the basis of the present research results, according to the factual information, using documentary research comprehensively, by empirical study and case study, along with the train of thought of "theory discussion-experience learning-current situation analyzing countermeasures", this study develops one by one. In addition to the part of introduction, this study is divided into four parts.The first part is to explore the local colleges teachers structural optimization theory, and consists of the second chapter. By theoretical research, this chapter is mainly to define the core concepts such as "structure","optimization","local universities and colleges" and "local universities and colleges teaching body" and so on, and points out that structure contains inherently two meanings of the element quantitative matching relation and the connection mode of elements, and expound the basic connotation, evaluation standard and important significance of teaching body structural optimization in local universties and colleges, and puts forward the theoretical basis of this study including structure-function theory, system optimization theory, mutual benefit and symbiosis theory and social capital theory. Finally, from the perspective of system theory the study analyses the impact of the local college teacher structure on formation and change in various factors.The second part is the condition analysis and experience summarization to developed countries, and it consists of chapter three. This chapter summarizes the general characteristics of the structure of teaching body in universities and colleges based on the analysis of large amounts data of the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries, this is normal distribution of age structure with middle-aged faculty occupying the dominant, inverted pyramid like degree structure with Phd being the main proportion, higher-level of title structure with professors being the major component, cross and penetration of discipline structure with distinctive features, various categories, distant hybridization variety and high quality of school-edge structure, divers channels, flexible ways and appropriate degree closeness of coupling structure. It summarizes the basic experience of developed countries, colleges and universities to optimize the structure of teachers, that is on the basis of respect for the law, the era trends and actual situation to optimize age structure by broadening employment channels based on the academic occupational characteristics, to optimize degree structure by improving education standards and attaching importance to the teacher reserves, to optimize title structure by improving the evaluation system and implementing "rise or out " system, to optimize discipline structure by emphasizing characteristic advantages and building platfonns reasonablely, to optimize learning edge structure by adhering to evade close relatives and recruiting teachers from famous universities universally, to optimize link structure by creating favourable academic atmosphere and communication opportunities.The third part is the empirical investigation of our structure of teaching body in local universities and colleges in the situation, problems and influence factors, and it consists of the fourth chapter. In the analysis of local colleges on the basis of empirical survey data, this chapter summarizes the basic situation and the main problems of the structure of our local college teachers. In the age structure, adjusting pace has accelerated, but much young and less old imbalance still prominent; in the degree structure, education level increase year by year, but Dr teacher ratio is still low; in the title structure, title-level is rising, but the proportion of professor title is still small; in the discipline structure, cognition deviation has slightly reversed, but intercollegiate convergence and intramural differentiation layout and resources dispersing is still serious; in the learning edge structure, inbreeding has eased, but the category is still less, geographical coverage is limited and high-quality learning edge is still too few apparently; in the link structure, communication will has be somewhat motivated, but the drawbacks of narrow channel, less ways and loose coupling yet to be resolved. The main reasons for the structural imbalance of China’s local college teacher are following:narrow recruitment channels and rigid retirement system, leading to imbalance in age structure; low academic standards and lag teacher reserve, leading to imbalance in the degree structure; unsatisfactory evaluation system and low quality of teachers, resulting in imbalance in the title structure; serious convergent thinking and too much emphasis on differentiation, resulting in imbalance in discipline structure; too strong inbreeding inertia and lack intensity of recruitment, resulting in imbalance in the learning edge structure; poor academic ambience and less activities, leading to imbalance in the coupling structure; and biased value orientation, disorder macro-control and lack of relative funding are also important factors restricting the structure adjustment and optimization of local colleges teachers.The fourth part puts forward countermeasures for optimizing Chinese structure of teaching body in local universities and colleges, it is form by chapter five. This chapter gives several suggestions for optimizing the structure of teaching body in local universities and colleges on the basis of the above experience learning, current situation analysis and discussing problems. The countermeasures are following:change recruitment methods, develop silver-hair project, optimize the age structure; improve education standards, strengthen on-the-job degree education, optimize the degree structure; perfect evaluation system, pay attention to training, assisting and supporting, optimize the title structure; persist in characteristic development, emphasize crossing and blending, optimize the discpline structure; rich learning margin category, recruit top learning margin from all over the country even the world, optimize the learning edge structure; create innovative atmosphere and varied opportunities, optimize the coupling structure. In addition, change the biased value orientation, strengthen government reasonable regulation and increase corresponding budget are the important measures.The last part is the summary and outlook of this research, it is the end of this paper, it consists of the chapter six. This part points out that this study still exist many defects such as that theories need further excavating, the experience summary of foreign countries need to be perfected, empirical study needs to be expanded and so on, there could be pioneer to open up virgin soil and cultivation continuously in the areas of the optimizing degree of teaching body structure in local universities and colleges, the adaptability of teaching body structure in local universities and colleges, the situation and adjustment experience of faculty structure of developed countries during transition period, the faculty structure of developing countries, learning margin structure research from multipoint of view and so on.The structure of teaching body in universities and colleges is the core structure of the higher education system, to optimize the structure of teaching body in local universities and colleges is conducive to teacher growth, the development of universities, revitalization of the country and social prosperity, it requires coordination of government, universities, social class and other subjects together to accomplish. This thesis in order to explore through theory discussion, experience reference, current situation analysis and countermeasures thinking to attract attention and consideration of managers, researchers, teachers and social awareness to deepen the theory of the structure of teaching body in universities and colleges, for gathering more intelligence and greater energy to adjust and optimize our structure of teaching body in local universities and colleges.