Demographic Analysis On The Reasonableness Of China’s Employment Structure

As the allocation system of social labor resources, employment structure is undoubtedly one of the most important parts in employment theoretical system. According to different classification criteria, the structure of employment can be divided into occupational structure of employment, geographical structure of employment, and also the classification according to population attributes such as gender, age and so on. With the advent of the informational society, our country’s employment structure face lots of challenge which come from the economic, demographic development, how to evaluate the employment structure in the current state of China, and as a result how to deal with negative issues in the evaluation results, that are all the key issues that need to be focused on in nowadays, these issues have positive social and economic significance to China. In view of the traditional ways for rational analysis of the employment structure are led by Industry economics theory, as a contrast, the discussion led by demography appears less, that is the reason I write this paper about rational analysis of the employment structure by the angle of demography. This paper’s datas are based on "China Statistical Yearbook2010" and the2006,2009,2010,2011labor market supply and demand report made by Human Resources and Social Security Department PRC, thanks to these, I make the rational analysis of the employment structure by demography, thus comes to the conclusion.This paper uses the abstract method as well as a rational analysis mode which is a combination of qualitative research together with the data analysis of quantitative research, with the view to basic properties of the population,such as age, gender, occupation, education level and other properties, to explore the corresponding attribute in current employment,at the same time seeking the proportion of supply and demand in labor market trying to make analysis for industry-employment elasticity index, industrial-employment deviation from the index coefficient. The data focused on the employment from1992to2011,this paper also states the course of the evolution of employment structure. In addition, I also make analysis for employment structure by the matching and correlation degree, as a result, comes to a reasonable analysis, and relevant policy advice to the reasonable adjustment of the employment structure in China.The. full text is divided into six chapters.Chapter Ⅰ Introduction. This part mainly makes statements of the reality background, significance, research status of the employment structure,as well as the research methods and ideas. Learning through the research material related to the structure of employment at home and abroad, I found a lack of detailed population studies in the academic world on the rationality of the current employment structure, so as this fact, this paper will make further analysis.use the data as "China Statistical Yearbook2010" and the2006,2009,2010,2011labor market supply and demand report made by Human Resources and Social Security Department PRC, thanks to these, I make the rational analysis of the employment structure by demography, thus comes to the conclusion.Chapter Ⅱ Overview of the employment structure theory. This section states the concept of the structure of employment, classification, position in the economic structure, and the relationship between the industrial structure employment which is the most representative structure in economic structure, and the factors that can make effect to it. In this part, I define the structure of employment as below:a dynamic relationship which contains the ratio among various departments of the socio-economics, sectors, regions, ages and so on the other factors. Make a new classification of the employment structure, respectively, thus forms the theory as below:structure of employment can be divided into occupational structure of employment, geographical structure of employment, and also the classification according to population attributes such as gender, age and also the classification made by the criteria of employed population attribute, that is divided into formal and non-formal employment population structure of employment, the unemployed population employment structure and employment structure of the agricultural population. In this part, I also define the meaning of reasonable employment structure from the connotation and extension of the employment structure.Chapter Ⅲ The discussion for the evaluation system of reasonable employment structure. Make introduction of the defined criteria to the employment structure rationality on the basis of clearly defined criteria as before, obey the structure of human attribute, the specific methods like this:By studying the supply and demand data from the labor market, make insight into the employed population structure; and then from the relationship between employment structure and other economic structure, make insight into employed population structure. The specific methods like this:Data introduction, including the total employed population in China in recent years, employment increased by the amount of the output value of industry, the output value of the added investment, increased investment in proportion, on the basis of the data statistics, use the coefficient of elasticity of the industry of the employed population in China and investment (employment) elasticity coefficient as a yardstick with-effectiveness analysis, to make a concrete analysis of the relationship between China’s employment structure and industrial structure, investment structure, in order to analyze the present stage employment structure is reasonable or not.Chapter Ⅳ Analysis for the course of the evolution of employment structure in China. This section states the evolution of employment structure in four aspects: different industry, different economic transformation period, the employment structure under different ownership structure, employment structure by urban and rural areas, at last, by the data analysis, make certain analysis of the characteristics and mode of evolution of employment structure in China.Chapter V Rational analysis on China’s current employment structure. This section is carried out by the criteria which is mentioned in chapter III, thanks to "China Statistical Yearbook2010" and the2006,2009,2010,2011labor market supply and demand report made by Human Resources and Social Security Department PRC,I extract relevant data, form a series of charts, and at last form a more intuitive statement in order to make a more clear analysis on the reasonable employment structure. On this basis, summarized six shortages in the structure of employment in China:First, the advantages of employed population is decreasing; Second, female gender segregation is prominent; Third, the uneven geographical distribution of population in employment; Fourth, unreasonable cultural qualities structure in employment; Fifth, irrational industry distribution; Sixth, the obvious contradiction between urban and rural structure of the employment structure in the process of urbanization.Chapter Ⅵ Suggestions on the structure of employment adjustment. This section is based on data and analysis in Chapter Ⅴ, including six aspects as compare. First,ask for reformation of the policy for olds to expand the employment of the elderly population; Second, improve women’s work-status, make elimination to gender segregation in employment supply and demand market; Third, push the employment population geographical flow, make further promoting to have a more balanced geographical development; Fourth, ask for reformation to current education system, focusing on the development of vocational education and non-formal employment population re-education; Fifth, realize up-gradation to the industrial structure and by the same time promote the adjustment for employment structure; Sixth, break through the urban-rural dual structure of employment patterns in the household registration system, speeding up the urbanization process.In this paper innovation is mainly reflected in two points:First, from the connotation of the structure of employment, as the purpose of the extension of the employment structure, I make demographic definition of the rationality of the structure of employment; Second, the introduction of supply and demand ratio as the criteria in the structure of employment.In this paper shortage is mainly reflected in two points:First, as the complicated data and rich theory of employment structure, that’s difficult to form a more perfect and comprehensive employment structure reasonable evaluation system; Second, as the dynamic characteristics of employment structure,that’s not possible to form a universal standard of evaluation system for employment structure.