The Study Of The Historical Construction Of Innovation Ability Of Japanese University

By the end of2012sixteen scientists in Japan have won the Nobel Prize in natural science research field. It is obvious that in the recent more than10years Japanese scientists have the accelerating tendency of winning the Nobel Prize. Most of their university education and science research training have been achieved in Japanese national university system. Among them there are11scientists whose part of research work for the Nobel Prize finished in national universities. That the universities with late epigenetic and exogenous style have frequently won the Nobel Prizes is called the blowout phenomenon of the Nobel Prize. The reason for the phenomenon in Japanese university is that the system of Japanese national university has formed the high-level innovation ability. With the breakthrough point of the blowout phenomenon of the Nobel Prize, the study in this thesis starts from the basic theory of construction of university innovation ability, putting forward the idea that university innovation ability is the driving mechanism system with the basic elements of organization-power-belief, in the system can the knowledge system and the running of the knowledge system develop well. According to the law of inner and outer relationship of science and education the thesis deduces the logical system of driving system of inner and outer of innovation ability of university of Japan. The thesis has studied the historical construction process of the driving mechanism system, adopting the method of historical analysis and case analysis. From the perspective of the outer of university, educational review meeting system forms the expressional mechanism of academic right at the national level. University finance system forms the supply system of scientific research fee with the feature of freedom and regulation, which meets and satisfies the need of freedom, accidentalness and long-term of university scientific research. In terms of the designing, the system of scientific research fee of university has the Matthew effect, which has cultivated and inspired the research ability of the designated researcher and the designated university.Industry-university cooperation mechanism from the knowledge orientation to ability orientation makes university regress constantly its original mission and continuously enhances the creativity of university. Society, as the cohesion of the researcher of the same discipline in different university, forms the final home of discipline culture, which in turn makes society become a national academic common community of a discipline. From the perspective of the inner of university, the strategy of the orientation of scientific research of "Pasteur quadrant" makes university obtain the middle way in dilemma between application and basic research, which promotes the constant increasing of scientific research fee invested by society. Governess structure with cohesion style makes the autonomous ness of university and the academic freedom of the professor come true, on the basis of academic right of basic logic, by means of the designing of governess structure and the protection of the identification of teacher, ect.Lecture system, as the basic academic organization of national university of Japan, has formed the knowledge innovation common community with the pattern of teaching-research-study. By means of teaching mechanism with research style, such as credit system, seminar and joint research and son on, the creativity of teacher and student has been improved. Education aims at enhancing the basic ability of scientific innovation in terms of design, such as cultivating idea, the educational content and the operating mechanism and so on. In the aspect of university internationalization, university of Japan has adopted the strategic approach from the catching-center to the construction of self-center, with the strategic goal of improving its own creativity, which has featured the strategic culture of internationalization of Japan. The development of university culture forms the basic logic of grafting and autonomy. Historically, the development of improvement of creativity of university of Japan is a long-term evolution process featuring the unification of history and logic, the interaction of system and culture and the micro-breakthrough and system construction. It gradually has formed the driving system with local feature, These driving systems are the embodiment of the university philosophy of Japan. With the theory of Foucault powers-knowledge, it can seen that the driving systems both in inner and outer of university are unified by power.Comprehensively, the development and improvement of the inner and outer driving mechanism system of innovation ability of university of Japan is a long historical process which is featured by the unification of system construction and emphasis breakthrough, the integration of inheriting and innovation, the interaction of system and culture, the interweaving of Japanization and westernization, the mingling of gradual changing and sudden changing, and so forth. Organization-power-belief is the core element of the driving mechanism in which organization is the carrier; power is its central nerve; belief is its value support. The Japanese driving mechanism system is the symbol of the formation of high level innovation ability in Japan and the fundamental cause for the blowout phenomenon of the Nobel Prize in Japanese national universities. The study in the thesis intends to offer some references for the construction of innovation ability of university in China.