At The Beginning Of Social Integration Theory

From the perspective of human history development, social changeis essentially a process of social differentiation and integration. Thepurpose of this dissertation is to discuss how to promote social progressin a stable order. The research is oriented to the study of sociology in theperspective of philosophical problem, belongs to the scope of socialphilosophy. The paper is mainly supported by Marx’s theory such as thedivision of labor, the class and state, the social organism, and thehistorical resultant theory. The social integration issues is studied byusing the method of logic and history contact, class analysis, structureand function analysis, and comparative research for the socialdifferentiation of human and human activities. The research of this articlediscusses on the social integration is only a preliminary discussion.Society is mutual connection and interaction practice communityand the existence value connection unit. Social integration is theprocesses and results which the social management subject in sufficientpersonnel participation takes mechanical or organic unity to statute,coordinate and guide the field, elements or subsystems so that peopleactivities keep balance, stability and integration status. To clear anddefinite the nature of social integration, we need to differentiate andanalyse the conceptions related to the social disorder, socialdisorganization, social disintegration and social solidarity, social cohesionsocial control, and so on. The basic characteristics of social integrationare Systematic, coordination, control and history. Three categoriesconstitute the main framework of social integration theory, they aresocial differentiation and social integration, the subject and object ofsocial integration, the integration of mechanical integration mode andOrganic integration mode.The social differentiation causes the demands of social integration,including human differentiation and differentiation of human activities’fields. Social differentiation is caused by the division of labor. TheDivision has two types, including natural division and social division.The social division of labor is the fundamental cause of social integration. Social differentiation refers to the process of social structure systemdecomposed into new social elements, various social relations are brokenup and restructured, and they ultimately form the new structure andspecialized functions. Human differentiation includes the humandifferentiation itself and the differentiation between human beings. Socialfields are consisted by the fields of economy, politics, culture, ecology,human livelihood or subsystem fields, and the differentiation of humanactivity fields refers to the factors above formed the social system ofdifferentiation. Differentiation of social fields can be shown by thedisintegration of the clan system and the activities formation, the rise ofindustrial civilization and the activities separated relatively.Differentiation of social value field is adopted to the differentiation offive activity fields. Due to the social differentiation, society has themanagement of daily life, the adjustment of interests, the maintain ofsocial order, the guidance of value concept, the protect of ecologicalenvironment, and other aspects of the integration demands. The humansociety has the differentiation and integration of the dual logic and doubleinterweaving, differentiation and integration jointly promote thedevelopment of social change. Human society should be highlydifferentiated and integrated. Social differentiation is the direct cause ofsocial integration.To study the subject and the object of social integration, we willanalyse the diachronic and synchronic of them and research theinteraction process of how the integration subject to integrate the object.There are different social integration forces at different stages ofdevelopment in human history and society. From the perspective of therelationship between human, social integration can be divided into threegroups such as kinship groups, regional groups and professionalrelationship groups. However, social integration is the various groups andorganizations if we try to think from the perspective of the field ofactivity. The social integration subject evolved accordingly blood group,class and nation, professional relationship group, and the united body ofthe free people, etc. Society is composed of a series of elements or linksof the organic one. The social integration object can be divided into three levels such as the micro, meso and macro ones. From the evolution of thediachronic study on social integration object, we study the developmentand changes of each field of the society mainly. The goal of socialintegration can be divided into scientific or instrumental goal and valuegoal. Social benefits is the scientific goal of social integration, whilepromoting the comprehensive development of human freedom is theintrinsic value of the target. Social integration has its necessary andsufficient conditions. The integration process of society can be dividedinto two basic types, top-down and bottom-up integration. Socialintegration can lead to positive and negative integration results.Evaluation of social integration scale can be considered from theobjective and subjective aspects.From the overall development of human history point of view, themode of social integration can be divided into mechanical integrationmode and integration mode. Historical resultant force is the overallpattern of social integration. Social integration has its inherent impetus,while there are the resistance of unreasonable social differentiation suchas excessive, poor differentiation and differentiation of dislocation.Mechanical integration mode of traditional society can be explained bythree aspects of the traditional social basic conditions existed, thedifferentiation characteristics of traditional society, and mechanical wayof social integration. The mode of traditional social integration is calledmechanical integration mode because of human has the same propertiesjointed together mechanically. The organic integration of marketeconomy society can be explained in three aspects such as generalconditions of market economy, market economy caused new socialdifferentiation, and the organic integration mode of the new contentrequirements. Integration mode of the social market economy is theorganic integration because of the interdependence of individual andgroup heterogeneity together.The natural economy condition of social integration before liberationand the planned economy condition of social integration after thefounding of new China constitute the historical background ofcontemporary status of Chinese social integration. Contemporary China is in the period of social transition. Current situation of criticism on socialintegration in contemporary China can be launched out from three aspects.They are the increasing social differentiation and challenges of the socialintegration to face, the difficulty of how the integration subject tointegrate the object and how the social integration mode to transform. Theconstructional orientation of the future social integration is consisted ofhighly social differentiation and highly social integration, the communityof free individuals, and the organic integration mode. The future of thesocial integration construction can be explained from three aspects:promoting reasonable division and reinforcing social integration,transformation of the integration subject coping with the changingintegration object effectively, promoting the formation and the soundnessof the social organic integration mode.Today, Chinese society still exists "short board" development incertain field. In order to promote the steady progress of the society, wemust strengthen the ability construction of social integration, make thesociety play the whole function better and larger. The Chinese nationmust go to the great renaissance under the strong leadership of theCommunist Party of China.