Study On The Reform Of Chinese Graduate Education System

In a time of economic globalization and international competition for talents, graduate education plays an increasingly important role in today’s society, as a main channel of cultivating high-level innovative talents, a major force in the strategy of invigorating China through science and education and a primary source of scientific research and knowledge innovation. A margin of society in the past, graduate education has become a central issue in today’s social life, due to its intellectual resources and scientific research advantages. With the popularization of higher education and the escalating scale of graduate education, graduate education system in China is facing challenges:whether the management system and investment system of graduate education meet the needs of its development; whether the current admissions system is just, fair and reasonable; whether the mode of cultivation meets the quality requirements; with the overall implementation of graduate cultivation mechanism reform, will the funding system still play a role? Lying at the center of these issues is how to deal with the relations between centralization and decentralization, plan and market, fairness and efficiency, topics that will be revealed gradually with the rapid development of graduate education in China.System reform is key to the reform. Graduate education system reform is of fundamental and global significance to solve the problems and improve the quality of graduate education in China. Graduate education system is an institutionalized manifestation of the national education policy and philosophy, an organic whole composed of education philosophy, education standards, education organizations and institutions. Through historical investigation and empirical analysis of the history and current situation of China’s graduate education system reform, this paper summarizes and analyzes the key problems of graduate education system and its causes. This paper also carried out in-depth analysis of the experience and lessons in graduate education of the United States, Germany, Britain, Japan, India and other countries. It provides reference for the reform of China’s the graduate education system. Based on the theory of public administration, from the three angles of centralization and decentralization, plan and market,fairness and efficiency, this paper explores the value orientation of the reform of graduate education in China. On the basis of the above theories and case studies, from the angles of the administration, investment, enrollment, cultivation and funding systems of graduate education, cultivation the author proposes policy recommendations on how to further improve China’s graduate education system, how to upgrade relevant methods and puts forward specific measures for China’s graduate education reform.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:From the perspective of public administration theory, graduate education system is the sum of relevant legal system, organizations and facilities that accompany the development of graduate education. In short, it is the "superstructure" of graduate education, mainly comprising a series of graduate education institutions and mechanisms such as:graduate education management system, school system, investment system, enrollment system, the funding system, the system of resource allocation, quality assessment and feedback mechanisms and development mechanisms. The current objectives of the reform of graduate education is to cultivate top creative talents,serve nation-building needs, optimize the regulation and control mechanisms, stimulate the vitality of plural subjects. In China, the graduate education reform should be people-oriented, demand-oriented besides keeping pace with the times and progressing steadily.Since its initial stage, China’s graduate education reform has gone through four periods:At present, achieving a balance between centralization and decentralization, planning and market, fairness and efficiency is a key issue. On the other hand, unbalanced development, substandard cultivation quality, monotonous modes of cultivation and insufficient supporting characteristics are the realistic foundation for China’s graduate education reform.This dissertation’s study on the graduate education systems in four developed countries (the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan) and two much populated developing countries (India and Brazil, sharing similar national conditions to China) points out direction for graduate education reform of China:A graduate education administration system should be built gradually by incorporating the government’s macro-control, autonomous enrollment of education institutions, public supervision and a regulatory system through market mechanism. With regard to the reform of investment system more attention should be paid to non-government investments from multiple sources. Meanwhile, a tuition charging system regulated by market mechanism should be established. Also, specialized fund allotting organizations should be created. In the aspect of recruitment reform, it is important that the recruiters have adequate enrollment autonomy, diversified admissions criteria, international source of students. With regard to the reform of cultivation, the countries studied showed the following common features:multi-level, multi-class modes of education, a close combination between production, study and research, and an emphasis on broad enrollment, strict graduation. These will provide useful reference for the reform in China. Besides,a well-established,diversified scholarship and grant and-aid system guarantees deepened mechanism reform of graduate cultivation.Based on the above experience and theoretical research, this dissertation argues that increased consciousness of power decentralization, moderate inclination to be fair, and the introduction of market elements is the basic value orientation of China’s graduate education system reform. The methods of education system reform lie in building an administrative system guided by the "entrepreneur government" theory, completing the multi-subject education investment system, building a flexible, comprehensive enrollment system, developing a built-in cultivation system in line with international practice and building an all-round funding system for graduate education.