Research On The Relationship Between The Academy And Tongcheng School In The Qing Dynasty

The ancient academy which is different from traditional public school system, playeda very important role In the process of academic development, forming of study and spreadof Schools. This paper selects relation of the Qing Dynasty academy and Tong Chengschool as the object to investigate. Exert all my powers to seek that the academy played animportant role in the establishment, development and spread in Tong Cheng school. Thispaper is divided into five parts.Chapter Ⅰ:The influence of academy in the Qing dynasty. The academies of QingDynasty’s establishment and teaching policy reflected the cultural orientation of the court.The court of evolving college policy affect the construction and development of the collegeis to a great extent. As the Qing Dynasty of the policy of the release, the Academy of QingDynasty academic and literary influence more and more. Such as Suzhou Ziyang Academy,Nanjing Zhongshan Academy, Huizhou Ziyang Academy, Yangchuan Yuwen Academy,Yangzhou Anding Academy, Yangzhou Meihua Academy, Hangzhou Gujing Academy,Guangzhou Xuehai Academy, Jiangyin Jiyang Academy,etc. They had direct andprofound influence to the development of the Qianjia school, the Tongcheng school andthe Yanghu school.Chapter Ⅱ: Yao Nai and the academy. This chapter discusses the inheritance anddevelopment of literary theory system, Yao Nai’s course of college education and Yaodisciples of Tongcheng literary theory, the important value of outstanding college inTongcheng school development process. Fang Bao was the inaugurator of Tongchengschool, but Yao Nai was the founder of the Tongcheng school. Yao Nai inherited the FangBao and Liu Dakui’s literary theory,Formed a complete theoretical system and a solidtheoretical foundation of the ruling Qing Dynasty literary arena playing for the Tongchengschool. In addition, the Tongcheng school can therefore stand into school, to a great degreedepended on Chinese traditional academy education system. Through the academyteaching, the Tongcheng school’s leaguers had a rapidly expansion, became a super regional literature faction. Yao Nai gave lectures in academy for forty years,to spread hisacademic ideas and literary theory. Yao Nai’s students came from all over thecountry.Through their efforts,the Tongcheng literary theory system occupied the absolutedominant position in the Qing Dynasty literary arena.Chapter Ⅲ: the Tongcheng school’s five masters in Guangxi Province and theacademy. This chapter discusses the five masters’s literary theory, growth process andcultural contributions."The five masters" was the Tongcheng school writers groups inGuangxi, they include Lu huang, Zhu Qi, Peng Yuyao, Long Qirui and Wang zheng. Thefive masters rose quickly and become the backbone of the Tongcheng school in Jiaqingperiod. Owing to Wu Dexuan and Mei Cengliang’s careful guidance,"The five masters"began to study and spread the Tongcheng school literary theory.They had made their owncontribution to the development of academies in Guangxi, so as to effectively promote thetalent cultivation and Tongcheng literature theory derivation.Chapter Ⅳ: Zeng Guofan and the academy. This chapter discusses on Zeng Guofan’sinheritance and development of the Tongcheng theory, Zeng Guofan’s support andconstruction to the Tongcheng School and the academy. As the the last representativewriters of Tongcheng school, Zheng Guofan was referred to as "the Tongcheng literaryZTE will". His achievement which influenced modern literature far-reaching to literarycreation. He regarded Yao Nai as "authentic literature", inherited traditional Tongcheng.According to the Tongcheng literature theory’s corrupt practice, he increased the"economy literature theory " all sorts of measures, to achieve "ZTE Tongcheng"long-cherished wish to some extent. Zeng Guofan attached great importance to set up andrepair the academy, and made a great contribution to the revival of learning. In terms ofcontent of academy education, Zeng Guofan stressed the need to "ritual" as thefundamental, the implementation of the "theory of righteousness", he chose the teacherwho needed to be good both in professional ethics and scholarship scholar. In Zeng’sposthumous, Zhang Yuzhao, Xue Fucheng, Li Shuchang, Wu Ruguan inherited ZengGuofan’s Literary theory system.They had their own achievements and contributions inprose creation and theory of Tongcheng school. Especially Zhang Yuzhao and Wu Ruguanwas dedicated to education in Baoding Lianchi academy for dozens of years.They trained alarge number of trained personnel and promoted the Tongcheng school in the north of thepropagation. Chapter Ⅴ: the classical prose anthology and the development of Tongcheng school.This chapter discusses the prose anthology edited Tongcheng representative of Tongchengschool establishment, development and spread effect. This is an important way ofcommunication of literature, the literary learning is often start from anthology. Especiallypublishing and media very backward in the ancient society, the literature anthologydemonstration value and academic influence was limitless. To a certain extent, the classicalprose anthology directly reflected the idea of literature and academic thoughts of compilers.Several Tongcheng school people, such as Fang Bao, Dai Ming-shi, Liu Dakui, Yao Nai,Zeng Guofan had compiled a selected works. Especially,"The classical prose"by Fang Bao,"anthology of classical prose" by Yao Nai,"history of100Miscellaneous notes" by ZengGuofan and "continued anthology of classical prose " by Wang Xianqian and Li Shuchanginfluenced far-reaching, condensed the essence of Tongcheng school, effectively promotedthe inheritance and development of Tongcheng school.