An Empirical Study On Construction Of Functional Training Method System Of Elite Female Hockey Players

Functional training is a worldwide hotspot in the field of physical trainingresearch, and in China, it has received more and more attention from both researchersand coaches, but an integral functional training method system specified forcompetitive sports hasn’t been constructed domestically yet. Hockey, as anantagonistic court sport, has a very high demand for physical capacity of the athletes.In the game, the hockey players need to constantly repeat intermittent high-intensityexercises, which will challenge the speed, strength, endurance, agility, coordination,stability, flexibility and other physical elements of the athletes. Chinese femalehockey is one of the fourteen potential advantageous events of London OlympicGames set by the General Administration of Sport of China. Due to the gradualretirement of the experienced players, the overall performance of the team decreasedsignificantly, and there is an urgency to make a breakthrough in the physical training.This paper systematically discussed the theory and methods of functionaltraining in competitive sports. Its core idea is "knowledge structure, control function,perfect the structure, development function". This paper made an empirical study inthe Chinese female hockey team, in order to provide the majority of physical trainingresearchers and coaches with some valuable training ideas and methods, and topromote the development of physical training research domestically, which willbenefit both the hockey training development and the physical training researchsignificantly.Research methods used in this paper include the literature data method, thesurvey method, the test method, the logic analysis method and the mathematicalstatistics method. Some of the world’s leading technology was used in our study, suchas the GPS global satellite positioning system monitoring and evaluating of thehockey players running capacity in a game, and the wireless EMG hockey functionalstrength analysis. Through in-depth study of the long-term with the team, thefollowing conclusions were drawn: 1. Using philosophy of dialectical, systematic, developmental and relativitytheory, the various points of view of up-to-date physical training specialists wereanalyzed, inducted and summarized, and a pyramid model of functional training forcompetitive sports was established. The model contains three levels: basic bodymovement functional training, general movement functional training and specificmovement functional training.2. Through analyzing of the competition data of Chinese female hockey teammonitored by GPS global satellite positioning system, the hockey game is verychallenging for the players in terms of physical capacity. According the results, for anelite female hockey player, in a hockey game, the total running distance was8089.7±620.5meters, the total number of sprint was93.6±16.9, the average heart rate was159±10.5beats/min and maximum heart rate was176±9.1beats/min. In terms ofenergy metabolism feature of hockey, the basis is endurance capacity, and the coreelements are speed and sensitivity; in terms of strength feature of the sport, the basisis stability associated strength and general strength, and the core element is functionalpower.3. A relatively integral functional training method system specified for elitefemale hockey players was constructed, which was consisted of366physical trainingmethods (including160basic functional training methods and46specific functionaltraining methods) to provide valuable reference for both coaches of hockey and othersports to design physical training programs.4．Wireless EMG device was used to analyze relativity between specifictechnical activity and functional exercises. An exercise can be considered functional ifthe amplitude ratio of the correlative main muscle groups in between specifictechnical activity and functional exercises were highly correlated, which provided anobjective measurement method to select the most specific functional training method.5. Empirical study of the functional training method system was conducted in theChinese female hockey team during their preparation for the London Olympic Games.To develop physical capacity of the athletes step-by-step, the19-months-longpreparation period was divided into three macro-cycles, and each macro-cycle was divided into three micro-cycles: basic physical function development, general motionfunction development and specific function development. This training systemachieved excellent impact, and the athletes’ specific physical fitness test indicatorswere improved significantly (P <0.01).6. Personalized empirical study of the functional training method system wasconducted in three elite female hockey players. According to each player’s problemsin physical capacity, personalized functional training plans were developed, and theweakness of athlete’s physical capacity was improved.