| Objective:Fat-mass and obesity-associated (FTO) is the first widely-accepted obesity-susceptibility gene. FTO single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609is associated with obesity and other related diseases. The primary purpose of the current study is to investigate the effects of a13-week exercise and diet intervention program on body composition, lipids, glucose, insulin resistance and inflammatory makers in college male students with different FTO genotypes. Meanwhile, the study also examines the intervention effects on renal functions.Methods:One hundred and fifty male overweight or obese students were recruited from a university in Shanghai. The participants were randomly allocated into control group (C), exercise group (E) and exercise and diet group (E+D). The intervention for E group consists of aerobic jogging (3times per week). Heart rate (HR) was used to control exercise intensity (60-65%HRmax). The duration of each exercise session increased from30minutes to80minutes. The individual exercise intensity was adjusted at week4and week8based on the measures of HR and urine protein. The intervention for E+D group consists of nutrition education, health education, food registration and feedback. The control group kept their own lifestyle without any intervention.Results:Of the150participants, there are117TT genotype,32TA genotype and1AA genotype. The frequency is consistent with the general population. The frequency of T allele is88.67%, and11.33%of A allele. Compared with TT subjects, the TA/AA subjects have significant higher BMI, VIF, BC, WC, HC, UPLC, FPG, FINS and HOMA-IR.After intervention, the changes in body fat and other relevant parameters were different in subjects with different FTO genotype. For TT subjects, the reductions in BMI, VFI, glucose, HOMA-IR, TC, lipase, TG, and FFA and the increases in ApoAl and Al/B were significantly larger in E group when comparing with C group. Compared with C group, the reduction in CRP in E group was greater after weight-loss. The reduction in SCr and increase in eGFR were greater in E group. For TT subjects, the reductions in BMI, fat%, VFI, glucose, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, FFA, LDL, ApoB and lipase and the increases in HDL,ApoAl and Al/B were significantly larger in E+D group when comparing with C group. Compared with C group, the reduction in CRP in E+D group was greater after weight-loss. The reduction in SCr and increase in eGFR were greater in E+D group. Compared with E group, E+D group had a greater reduction in lipase.For TA/AA subjects, there is no difference in the changes of obesity-related parameters between E and C group. However, the reduction in TNF-a is larger in E group when comparing with C group. The reductions in BMI, fat%, VFI, FINS,HOMA-IR, TC, TG, FFA, LDL, ApoB and lipase and the increases in HDL,ApoAl and Al/B were significantly larger in E+D group when comparing with C group. Compared with C group, the reduction in CRP and IL-6in E+D group was greater after weight-loss. The reduction in SCr and SUA and increase in eGFR were greater in E+D group. Meanwhile, compared with E group, the improvements in body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation and renal function were greater in E+D group.In one word, after exercise intervention, the improvements in body fat and other relevant parameters were greater in TT subjects. After exercise and diet intervention, all subjects improved in body fat and other relevant parameters, but the improvements were greater in TA/AA subjects.Conclusion:1.The frequency of FTO rs9939609genetic variants is consistent with the general population. Compared with TT subjects, the TA/AA subjects have significant higher BMI, VIF, BC, WC, HC, UPLC, FPG, FINS and HOMA-IR, which suggested that the FTO polymorphism is associated with body composition and insulin resistance.2.Aerobic exercise intervention significantly reduced BMI, fat%, VFI, FPG and HOMA-IR in TT subjects, but the effects on TA/AA subjects are not significant. It indicated that exercise intervention improved body fat and insulin resistance in FTO risk allele carriers. Aerobic exercise and diet intervention significantly reduced BMI, fat%, VFI, FPG and HOMA-IR in both TT and TA/AA group. However, TA/AA subjects had greater improvements. The findings indicated that the aerobic exercise and diet intervention benefited all FTO genotype, but the risk allele carriers benefited more.3.Aerobic exercise intervention decreased TC, ApoAl, lipase, TG, FFA in TT subjects, but the changes in TA/AA group were not significant. Aerobic exercise and diet intervention significantly decreased TC, TG, FFA and LDL in all FTO genotype; however, the reductions were greater in TA/AA subjects. The findings indicated that aerobic exercise intervention had beneficial effects in both TT and TA/AA subjects, but TA/AA benefited more. 4After aerobic exercise intervention, CRP decreased significantly in TT subjects, and TNF-a decreased significantly in TA/AA subjects. The findings indicated that the improvement in chronic inflammation were identical in both TT and TA/AA subjects. After aerobic exercise and diet intervention, CRP decreased significantly in TT subjects, and IL-6and TNF-a decreased significantly in TA/AA subjects. The findings indicated aerobic exercise intervention improved chronic inflammation, but improvements were different across TT and TA/AA subjects.5.After weight loss, the improvement in renal function was positively associated with reduction in body fat, insulin resistance, blood lipids and inflammatory markers. Aerobic exercise intervention decreased SCr and SUA (borderline significance) and increased SC-eGFR in TT subjects. However the effects on TA/AA subjects were not significant. Aerobic exercise and diet intervention decreased SCr and SUA in both TT subjects and TA/AA subjects, and the effects on TA/AA subject were more significant. The findings indicated that FTO risk allele carries improved more in renal function after aerobic exercise and diet intervention. |
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