Effecting Factors On Co-Operative Behaviour Of Higher Vocational Colleges-Perspective Of Skill Specificity Formation

Co-operative cultivation between higher vocational colleges and enterprises is the priority needs of the high-skill society; and also a long-term national policy. Based on the recents research, the major challenge of the industry-college cooperation in cultivating talents is the insufficient motivations of firms’ participations.Although the existing research have been answered partialy by the enterprise involved in co-operative motivation, but still cannot explain enterprises co-operative participative levels from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. For example, the existing literature neither explains enterprises participate differences in co-operative, nor the existing significant differences of college-industry relationships in the institutional constraints given. The reasoning behind is that most of the existing research literature is in education theory and with respect to education institutions.The study on the human capital theory and new institutional economics as the theoretical basis set up the concept of "skill human capital speciality". In the micro-level, from the perspective of the enterprise, with skills demands and suppliers respectively, the perspective of skills owner, empirical study on factors affecting co-operative enterprises, colleges, individuals; In the macro level, from the perspective of a society or a economy, study different relationships between higher vocational college and industry in a given skill formation system.The study found out that:1. Enterprise with higher skill specificity lead to higher co-operative level, firms taking investment strategy have closer ties with higher vocational collegesThe higher skill specificity, the higher co-operative levels of enterprise, firms taking the investment strategy have substantive co-operative with higher vocational colleges. Specifically, enterprise of different industry, size, ownership, and technical skills lead to differences of human capital, and cause different levels of co-operative; Studies have shown that, firms with special skill requirements and skills investment strategy will have closer ties with higher vocational colleges; small, labor-intensive firms without investment strategy take co-operative in order to reduce costs.2. Differences of higher professional colleges holders on cooperativesFrom the perspective of enterprise, the more (specialty) investment at the early stage of transition from middle schools to the colleges, tend to higher levels of the colleges-industry cooperatives (as "safeguard measures"). From the governance structure, the more conducive to business management of colleges, the higher levels of substantive co-operative. At the same time, the industry/firm holders can get rid of the appeal to the interest of "cheap labor" to avoid possible "market failure"; the education administrative holders of higher vocational colleges need to establish an "employment order contract" to cultivate co-operative relationship; and running conditions, such as colleges’ size and levels have no significant impact on co-operatives.3. Co-operative level is decided by the human capital specificity and together with the market demandThe study discussed the impact of human capital specificity on higher vocational college’s cooperatives, and found out that:Firstly, co-operative level is decided by the human capital specificity and together with the market demand; Secondly, more investment or "majors construction" in higher vocational colleges can promote co-operative to a certain extent,and also promote the major’s reputation, which got competitiveness in the recruitment market,but can’t change the demand for a major’s human capital specificity of firms and the market.4. The student credible commitment has an impact on co-operativesHigher vocational colleges co-operative can improve the individual student’s human capital specificity in different degrees, but the improvement of individual human capital specificity can not in return for stability of skills to hire (stable employment or internship); To establish tripartite credible commitment of the individual student, firms and institutions, contract default mechanism can avoid the opportunism behavior of the individual skills owners after the formation of human capital. In order to ensure co-operative stability, need to establish cooperation of students, colleges and cooperative firms and tripartite mechanism of credible commitment.5. Industry-college cooperation under the skill formation systemCo-operation behavior is subject to the intermediate skills requirements and the skill formation system of long-history which can be traced back to the early industrialization. The system which is advantageous to the co-operation include at least as follows:credible commitment and legal definition of the rights and obligation among parties (trainee, colleges and enterprise), chamber-based skills certification standardization, in-plant training regularly monitored by the third party.On the basis of the above research conclusion, it is concluded that the following policy implications:Firstly, we will accelerate reform of the governance structure in higher vocational colleges. Further streamline external governance structure, should be legal in higher vocational colleges and the relations between and among government, enterprises (industry). To change ideas, higher vocational colleges are not only a part of the "ordinary colleges and universities", but also part of the modern vocational education system. To establish "depth fusion" education is the key to encourage industry associations and enterprises in the role of vocational colleges management, multiple subject to form the government, industry, enterprise and school, each stakeholder group in higher vocational schools of ecological harmony inside and outside governance structure; In the internal governance structure reform, to reform in terms of school leadership system. Despite the many professional institutes set up by enterprises as the main body of professional advisers (guidance) committee industry-academy platform FeiChangShe institutions such as, but it is a consultancy, lack of substantive governance relationship with unit of selection and employed persons. Can imagine on this basis, set up the government (party), universities, industry, enterprise, composed of representatives of the board of directors or board of directors from all walks of life, improve the stakeholders participate in making important decisions and monitor the development of vocational colleges mechanism; At the same time, by the board of directors according to the national law and the need of higher vocational education to the appointment of school leadership, encourage entrepreneurs as the principal (President), guarantee the school leadership team should be at least one leading cadres from enterprises or experience.Secondly, in higher vocational colleges and enterprises to carry out on the basis of the "servant" of co-operative process, to avoid disadvantages. Try to improve the quality of students’ field work, safeguard the rights and interests of the intern, organization and enterprise docking field work evaluation. Higher vocational colleges and enterprises in order to cultivate and field work relating to the student individual co-operative activity, between the two sides can and cooperation with the third party (students and their parents) sign a balanced interest cost share which contains default penalties contract which both co-operative quality and stability of hiring.Thirdly, higher vocational colleges should strengthen the market research of local industrial structure and the skill demand, and improve the mechanism of the linkage development of colleges and universities, professional and industry. Colleges link more with the industry, enterprises "economic logic" (and not just based on the "education logic") perspective to understand, plan development of industry-college cooperation; In terms of planning and professional development,colleges should for more from the regional economic development, industrial structure adjustment of skill requirements (and skills such as non-professional power supply).Fourthly, higher vocational colleges improve service levels for small and medium-sized enterprise technology. In order to further broaden areas of cooperation between production and raise the level of cooperation between production and urgent attention should be paid to improve staffs technical level, by strengthening the enterprises with the industry to build technology and product development center and experimental training platform, skills, master studio, mainly for small and medium-sized enterprises to provide technical services of technology research and development and product upgrade.Fifthly, government incentives and support for higher vocational colleges in future should involve competition. Financial support for higher vocational colleges emphasis in the future can be specific to the particular college financial support from the past to "co-operative order cultivation project" subsidies, benefit from the past to specific colleges based on professional-project "industry-academic cooperation in order to cultivate students".Sixthly, learning from other country’s industry-college cooperation experiences should research its skills formation system characteristics rather than simply copy the specific cooperation modes and measures.As a vast region, uneven development "skill developmental" economy, governments at all levels must promote higher vocational education institutions and enterprise to respond to the skills of industry cooperation between production needs,according to the process of industrialization and industrial structure of the region, and to promote the formation of high society. Government should treat co-operative as higher vocational skills forming part of policy rather than just a (on education institution’s) education policy.Lastly, in the long run, the intervention of government, industry organizations as a third party can guarantee the collective, high quality of co-operative. The formation of a high skill depends on the society as a whole co-operative, high quality.High quality cooperation needs not only the efforts from colleges and firms, government and industry organizations in establishing talent training standards of the industry, professional qualification, co-operative process supervision and reform of higher vocational education institutions and external governance structure and so on to play a leading role.