Macro-analysis Of Vietnam Modern Private Higher Education Development

In the late 20 th century, the development of private higher education in the world has made remarkable achievements. Due to the increasing demand for the rapid expansion of higher education and the reduction of government public financial funding, more and more countries, through the organization of private higher education, increase opportunities for higher education to meet the growing demand for higher education. Prior to national unification in 1975, there were 11 colleges and universities in South Vietnam, most of which were organized by religious organizations. After the national unification, in accordance with the North socialist higher education mode, the North Vietnamese government has transformed the higher education in the South, making them owned publicly, dismissing the original Southern Private Higher Education and community colleges. Thereafter for a long period, the Vietnamese higher education has been entirely undertaken by the government, not allowing private colleges and universities. In December 1986, the 6th National Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party carried out the renovation! policy, and resumed the development of private higher education. With more than 20 years of restoration and development, private higher education in Vietnam, has made great achievements in educational scale as well as educational levels, and it has become an important part of higher education.This dissertation adopts the research methods such as literature, historical research and comparative analysis, macro-analysis of private higher education development in Vietnam is conducive to understand the history and current situation of the development of private higher education in Vietnam, and it can help us better understand the problems and challenges of Vietnam private higher education development. Vietnam and China have more similarities in development context. Higher Education in China is also facing many problems and challenges. The development of private higher education in Vietnam will no doubt inspire Chinese private higher education, whether experiences of success or lessons of failure.Firstly, this dissertation reviews the history of the development of private higher education in Vietnam. Based on the development trend, characteristics, and track of the Vietnamese private higher education since 1954 towards, and according to the history of the development of Vietnam and the major policies in the process of the development of private higher education, the development of private higher education in Vietnam can be roughly divided into five stages: outputs, stagnancy, pilot project, recovery and initial development, rapid development.Then, this dissertation explores the social basis for the development of private higher education in Vietnam. The development of private higher education in Vietnam was affected by the country’s political, economic, educational, demographic and international environmental factors, and so on. In this paper, the social basis of the development of private higher education in Vietnam will be illustrated in accordance with the demand for higher education in Vietnam economic reform, the need for reform of higher education, the promotion of socialized education policy and the impact on the marketization trend of higher education and so forth, to attempt to, through macro analysis to depict the soil, from which Vietnam Private Higher education rooted.The focus of this dissertation is the status of the development of private higher education in Vietnam. According to different ownership, private higher education institutions in Vietnam can be divided into three types of colleges and universities, namely, semi-public colleges and universities, people-founded colleges and universities, fully private colleges and universities. They represent three different school systems, and there are significant differences in terms of investment, financing, property ownership and management system.In terms of achievements and problems, this dissertation focuses on the achievements and problems of private higher education in Vietnam since the restoration of development in 1986. Under the background of inadequate investment in public education and public education resources are difficult to fully meet the diverse needs of public education,private higher education in Vietnam utilizing market mechanisms, self-financing, independent school, changed the school pattern which has been long formed after the founding of the Vietnamese government, meanwhile, cultivated a large number of qualified applied and skilled talents for Vietnam’s socialist economic and cultural construction, and promoted Vietnam Mass Higher Education. Currently, there are many problems and difficulties existing in the further development of private higher education in Vietnam, causing grave concern in society.Finally, this dissertation summarizes the challenges in the development of private higher education in Vietnam and it puts forward some suggestions. Private higher education in Vietnam currently faces the problems of students decrease, no equal status and treatment, lack of government financial support, lack of social donation awareness for education etc. The Vietnamese government should strengthen the macromanagement and services guidance for private universities, especially strengthen the monitoring of the educational process. At the same time, Vietnam also through positive reform and innovation, and comprehensive improvement of education quality, change the current predicament fundamentally.