| Agriculture is the fundamental industry on which human beings rely for existence and development. It is the closest relation with human society and nature, and also the oldest branch of material production. With the continuous development of human social productive forces, agricultural development has gone through 3 phases:primitive agriculture, traditional agriculture and modern agriculture. China’s agricultural development is transforming from traditional phase to modern phase. As the newest phase of agricultural development, modern agriculture centralizes product, living, ecological and life function, and can be very useful for promoting urban-rural reform and development integration. This paper is about urban agricultural system during the process of urbanization in Chongqing city. This paper, intended on the basis of the existing research and guided by systematic thinking, combines such achievements as the theory of the urban and the rural integration, of agricultural multi-functionality, of industrial convergence and of sustainable development, applies the combination between normative analysis and empirical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, historical analysis and comparative analysis. By defining the concept, features and types of modern agriculture, this paper confirms the development problems and characteristics of the modern urban agriculture in Chongqing, reveals factors affecting the development of the modern urban agriculture in Chongqing, and aims to clarify the general idea and strategic layout the modern urban agriculture in Chongqing, and the specific scheme of rural land system, of administrative reform, of innovation and reform of planning system with appropriate policy recommendations. 1. Research content of this paperThis paper studies these as follows:First, the theoretical basis of the development of modern urban agriculture. By reviewing and concluding the vital points of the theory of the urban and the rural integration, of agricultural multi-functionality, of industrial convergence and of sustainable development, this paper forms the knowledge of the concept, features and types of modern agriculture. Second, the SWOT analysis of the development of modern urban agriculture and of its influencing factors. By describing the development trajectory of modern urban agriculture, several main problems, causes and influencing factors in it has been found. Third, it is the analysis of the development strategy of the modern urban agriculture in Chongqing. On the basis of clarifying the general idea of Chongqing’s modern urban agriculture in the process of urbanization, this paper specifically designs the development layout of modern urban agriculture in Chongqing. Fourth, the analysis of system obstacles appeared in the development of Chongqing’s modern urban agriculture. By describing the land system and the current situations of administrative system during the development of Chongqing’s modem urban agriculture, the paper reveals some barrier factors which affect the development of Chongqing’s modem urban agriculture. Fifth, the innovative analysis of land system existed in the development of Chongqing’s modern urban agriculture. By analyzing the willing of fanners transferring land, this paper proposes dynamic mechanism, and specifically designs reform project of land transfer in the development of Chongqing’s modern urban agriculture. Sixth, research on administrative system existed in the development of Chongqing’s modern urban agriculture. By seriously analyzing macro background of administrative system reform in Chongqing rural areas, this paper designs strategies and concrete framework in Chongqing’s administrative reform. Seventh, research on development plan existed in Chongqing’s modern urban agriculture. By analyzing the existing problems in the planning Chongqing’s modern urban agriculture, this paper specifically designs strategies and concrete layout in the development plan of Chongqing’s modern urban agriculture.2. The basic structure of this paper1). By consulting numerous relevant documents at home and abroad, this paper elucidates the theory of the urban and the rural integration, of agricultural multi-functionality, of industrial convergence and of sustainable development, analyzes and summarizes the signification, basic characteristics, and main types of modern agriculture. The paper attempts to summarize experience and provide reference for strategic research of the development of Chongqing’s modern urban agriculture by the theory development and practice of modern agriculture at home and abroad.2). In order to correctly make the developmental strategy of modern agriculture in Chongqing, this paper, on the basis of in-depth investigation and research, analyzes the status quo and characteristics of the development of Chongqing’s modern agriculture. Through the analysis, it shows that the developmental tendency of Chongqing’s modern agriculture is gratifying and effective, however, there also existed some problems in the in it, for example, the overall level of comprehensive economic strength is low and instable. the unreasonable situation of agricultural structure is still unchanged thoroughly, the Industrial management level of agriculture needs to be improved further, the infrastructure and eco-environment of agriculture still have a distance with the requirement of sustainable development, the market system in rural areas can not adapt to the demand of consumption and market changes, foreign trade of agricultural products influences little on the world’s agricultural market. At the same time, Chongqing’s modern agriculture has such features as its agricultural scale is not large with typical hilly and mountain agriculture, its larger proportion of planting, most of which are summer crops, and it locates in ecologically sensitive areas.3) This paper, applied with SWOT analysis method, systematically analyzes the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of developing Chongqing’s modern agriculture. The research shows that Chongqing have advantages in agricultural resources, natural environment, science and technology level, labor resources and the industry layout etc. At the same time, the state and Chongqing city pay high attentions to the development of modern agriculture, strategic opportunities brought by the grand western development program, historical opportunities brought by development reform pilots of our country, the environment of economic and social development, which provide support as external opportunities. Besides, it should been seen that Chongqing city faces restrictions of fundamental conditions in mountain areas, of eco-environment in reservoir area, of the decline of positivity in planting crops for farmers, of the misappropriation to land by non-agricultural industries, and the restrictions of individual household operation, of its own conditions. What’s more, Chongqing city also is menaced by the intensifying structural contradictions, the extensive developmental way. the intensifying surrounding convergence, the gap between the incomes and culture of the urban and rural residents, and the administration systems in rural areas.4). One of the paper’s research purposes is to make a development strategy scientifically for Chongqing’s modern agriculture. By the way of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, this paper puts forward the strategic ideas and overall goals of the development of Chongqing’s modem agriculture, and defines strategic focus and strategic deployments of the Chongqing city’s modem agriculture from the aspects of development models and function layout.5). Land is the foundation of agriculture, and land flow is the core of modern agriculture, especially agricultural land should gradually develop moderately scale operation. With the background that developing the urban and rural areas as a whole, this paper comprehensively analyzes the present situation and characteristics of rural land transformation in desert areas, confirms the willing of land transmission of farmers and sums up the dynamic mechanism of rural land transmission. The problems existed in the land transmission are as follows:land transmission without permission by peasant household is so serious that it can not form land use on a large scale; land transmission can change usage of land, which existed invisible land market; land transmission procedures are not standard, which produces disputes; land hosting center has little effect, which leads to the weak executive power of files and system. Analyzing causes on the basis of problems above, this paper advises improving land transmission trade market, stimulating the land transmission intermediaries; establishing and perfecting relevant laws and regulations system, defining management system; standardizing contract management, providing legal aid to farmers; promoting construction of village rules, regulating strictly procedures of using land. To speed up land transmissions in rural areas is impossible without government’s strong guide and support, so the government can play an important role in such aspects as reforming steadily the management system of household register, establishing and improving social security system in rural areas, and strengthening fiscal and financial support, etc. Finally, the paper proposes the general idea of speeding up the rural land transmission from three aspects, improving rural land transmission market in desert areas, innovating rural land transmission mode, and promoting transmission from farmers to citizens in new countryside construction.6). Modern agriculture requires not only to optimize the allocation of resources’ elements such as land, technology, capital, labor and other resources, but also needs institutional innovation and system reform. Take Shapingba District in Chongqing as an example, which focuses on administrative system reform in rural areas, combined with its characteristics and the problems exposed, proposes the plan of administrative system reform in rural areas through research and questionnaire surveys. The plan suggests appropriately adjusting rural administrative divisions, by steadily advancing on "Town into street", vigorously implement "Changing villages", accelerating "Old villages reconstruction" to build centralize new houses. And the plan also suggests conducting stock cooperation system reform in rural communities, intensifying restructuring of rural districts, accompanied by supporting measures to rationalize farmer-management system, by supporting urbanization process, which promotes to actively construct integrated urban and rural administrative system.7). Scientific planning is the prerequisite and foundation of developing modern agriculture. Take the development of modern agriculture in Shapingba District as an empirical case, which discusses the planning ideas and layout of developing modern agriculture. By analyzing seriously the existing basis of modern agriculture in Shapingba District, it thinks that the whole district should aim to coordinate the social economic development the in urban and rural areas, take urbanization as opportunity to build the overall spatial layout of "A line, a zone and a river", that is the line of boutique agriculture tourism at the foot of Jinyun Mountain, the zone of green agriculture tourism in Zhongliang Mountain, and eco-cycle agriculture tourism in Liangtan River. That can benefit to build urban eco-agriculture park and urban eco-cycle agriculture base, which make production, ecology, entertainment, tourism, experience and education as a whole, where has typical features of Sichuan and Chongqing, landscape is beautiful, farmers are rich. Only by planning scientifically and supported by policy, science and technology, talents, information and so on, the modern urban agriculture can develop well and fast, which better promote the new rural construction, and accelerating comprehensive reform in urban and rural areas.3. The innovation points of this paperThe theory research and practice exploration of modern urban agriculture do not have a long history in our country. The paper takes the modern urban agriculture of Shapingba District in Chongqing for example. When analyzed from the institutional innovation and revolution, modern urban agriculture can have access to make Chongqing develop better than before. The possible innovation points are as follows:First, based on the perspective of system theory, the paper analyzes the modern urban agriculture of Chongqing as an immense complicated system. It has made a comprehensive analysis on the system and developed a basic framework on analyzing urban agriculture, which reflects the cross-disciplinary integration of different subjects and stimulates the innovation of research method.Second, based on the empirical analysis, the paper designs and builds a management system and policy system for modern urban agriculture in Chongqing. It has been built according to the principle of combining logical consistency, orderly operation, reasonable structure and practical feasibility, so it has positive influence on developing modern urban agriculture of Chongqing.4. The policy suggestions of this paper1). Reinforce the foundation for development based on the "nine-system". First, establish agricultural talents system, increase more than 30,000 new farmers per year, more than 10,000 entrepreneurial talents, and expand the total number of practical talents. Second, build science and technology supporting system, bring agricultural institutions into play such as Agricultural Academy, Academy of Animal Husbandry Science, and Southwest University in Chongqing and so on, and integrate a number of new technologies and new varieties. Third, establish the eco-environment protecting system; strengthen the project of ecology homeland and project of enriching the people, which focused in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and endemic fluorine disease area; develop the concentration of methane gas project;promote methane gas concentrate in the natural courtyard, the sized farms, densely inhabited areas, advantageous and characteristic agriculture products bases. Fourth, strengthening construction of the quality and safety system, starting to promote the construction of the quality and safety demonstration area of agricultural products, making special legal enforcement about agricultural inputs, improving the local standards in agricultural system, encouraging the development of local agriculture products in order to make more "Chongqing famous brands" of agricultural products. Fifth, building a system of agricultural facilities, scientifically working out "Program of Constructing comprehensive demonstration base of national agricultural mechanization in Chongqing", accelerating high-standard farmland construction, and exploring to do pilot farming operations one-stop service for farmers. Sixth, improving the industrial management system, promoting "four in one" mode that leading enterprises, large industries, cooperate organization and technical popularizations, making the municipal leading industry of farmer special cooperation take more than 30% of the total scale in 3 years. Seventh, establishing a modern service system, which to guide agricultural research institutes, universities, farmers’ cooperatives for agricultural business services, build a new service pattern involves with diverse investors and a variety of services. Eighth, improving marketing system, that needs to actively participate in building large and medium-sized agricultural products wholesale markets, combine developing products and marketing. Ninth, improving the system of service development, in-depth implementing the "Sunshine Project", continuing to promote equal pilot employment in urban and rural areas, promoting multi-channel transferring employment.2. The "four carriages" support development. First, always adhere to the deregulation policy of "promoting agriculture by industry and promoting the rural areas by urban areas" and "give more to, take less from and liberalize the countryside", further stabilize, improve and strengthen the supporting and benefiting agriculture policy, guide the focus of agriculture funds to invest in modern and social capital agriculture; the introduction of venture capital, compensation, interest subsidies, acquisitions, etc., to guide private capital, business capital investment and other social forces, for financial, taxation, insurance, support and expand the field of general services, social participation, the formation of a wide range of input pattern. Second, promote agricultural science and technology, build a number of national key laboratories relying on the Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Academy of Animal Husbandry Science, and Southwest University, promote science innovation of the eight fields construction, that the breed innovation for animal and plant, the modern agricultural equipment, the comprehensive development and utilization of Agriculture and Forestry Biomass, the agricultural and ecological construction, the rural informatization, the processing and the quality and safety of agricultural products, the disaster prevention and mitigation technology, integrate and popularize the modem applicable technology. Third, speed up the construction of a modern system of agricultural professionals, encourage outstanding college graduates to take root in rural areas, carry out various training forms of new farmers and agricultural talents, and growth the farmers’ professional cooperatives, important leading industry, agricultural technology service system in rural grass-roots, talents group mainly consisted by farmers who start a new undertaking come from outside and socialized service organizations. Fourth, integrate municipal information resources about agriculture; promote "Golden Farmer Project" "Integration of computer, television and telephone" Project; construct agriculture broadcast. Bayu agriculture network, "12316" publishing platform, run the "Fair of Western China International Agriculture Product, Chongqing" well, and try to build modern industrial information network system between the urban and the rural, the workers and the peasants.Third, build long-term mechanism by the "three measures". First, improve support policies. Gradually build a stable and efficient financial investment support system through Innovation measures that the establishment of comprehensive development funds and special funds; make great efforts to cultivate New-type rural finance institutions like rural banks, rural society funds co-operatives with characteristics of Chongqing agriculture; explore to establish rural credit guarantee mechanism, discount system for agricultural loans in order to activate the financial market in rural areas. Second, it is the innovation of system and mechanism. Select the 10 districts and counties and continue to carry out the "Farmer Special Cooperatives pilot" project, to explore a new way for farmers’ specialized production. Steadily carry out pilot project of change collective assets into equity in rural areas, explore to establish a clear and complete property rights of collective assets in rural areas. Establish and improve the land transfer market about land contract and its management right transmission, accelerate the establishment of improving "three-tier (districts, township, village)system of land transfer market services", explore the compensation and encouragement system for farmers voluntarily withdraw from the rural land contract management rights and homestead compensation to promote the rural land transmission. Third, strengthen the legal protection. It needs to focus on the trend for the development of modern agriculture, make legislation research, revise and enact laws and rules about agriculture investment, agriculture assurance, the development regulations of fanner cooperatives, in order to form laws and regulations which can promote the development of modern agriculture. Push forward the agricultural comprehensive administrative law enforcement, make the protection of law enforcement throughout all aspects of modern agriculture development, and increase the order realignment in agricultural inputs market. Strictly superintend farmers’ burden, and earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers. |
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