| Because of the implementation of the grand development strategy in western China and the "China rural poverty reduction and development program (2001-2010)", the economic and social development of the underdeveloped areas has made significant achievements from the beginning (?)ontury to now, with the western area is the main representative of the underdeveloped areas. However, the economic gap between the underdeveloped areas and the developed areas is still big, the task of economic development in the underdeveloped areas is still very arduous. It is very important to research and find out the countermeasures to reaiize the sustainable development in the underdeveloped areas while accelerating economic development in the underdeveloped areas. It has the extremely important practical significance to keep the su(?)le development of the underdeveloped areas in a long period after the large-scale infrastructure construction, which the central government support the fund, is ended. After summing up and analyzing the theories and practical experiences of the economic development in the underdeveloped areas of domestic and outside countries, this paper has analyzed and forecast the stages that the economic development in underdeveloped areas have to experience, and has put forward some new ideas and countermeasures to keep the sustainable development in the underdeveloped areas of our country.Due to historic dynasties and environmental conditions, some theories of economic development, such as the theory of taking agriculture seriously and restraining commerce, mercantilism theory, theory of market economy, planned economy theory, have exerted great influence on the economic development, and have a certain degree of scientific theoretically and practice on practicality, but also have its own limitations of the times. Economic theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics has been proven in practice is in line with China’s actual development, China must adhere to it and innovate it along with the economic development. And the theory of dual sectors economy, the theory of industrialization, the balanced growth theory and the non-equilibrium growth theory, are the special economic theory for developing country or less-developed areas, in which the common law that also can be useful to the less-developed areas of our country. The theory of sustainable development has put out the importance and main principles of the rational use of resources to achieve a permanent and sustainable development. It has the important guiding significance for the less-developed areas to take the road of sustainable development from the beginning of development. It is a subject to deepen the study for less-developed areas to realize sustainable development, with standing for the theory and policy of public finance.The grand western development in United States played a decisive role in the history of the United States. In the territory of westward expansion and80years and were followed for up to100years, the United States has developed the productivity is relatively backward western area, these areas have faster development of productivity, and the realization of the eastern developed area is basic and synchronous development, the source is extensive in the United States no regional development gap. The strengthening infrastructure construction, promote technical innovation and industrial structure upgrade, with market economy method in solving the question of development is worth to draw lessons from. Russia Siberia development is the largest area of the development of underdeveloped areas. The respect for the natural and social economic pattern, in owe develop the area builds science city and focus on development projects in the scientific planning and demonstration of the practice, unique, worth learning. Japan on Hokkaido development in order to "Hokkaido development law" and other laws form support the development of underdeveloped areas of persistent and scientific, financial, financial and other multi-channel security development funds, and pay attention to the development to play a key role in the growth center practices are worth to draw lessons from. Italy to strong government policies on the south of the sustained development, the underdeveloped south from backward agricultural society into a modern industrial society, but it did not make full use of the means of market economy to advance the development of underdeveloped areas and did not pay attention to the underdeveloped area system construction is worth to draw lessons. Brazil to increase pair of underdeveloped area development strength, not only through the capital in underdeveloped areas to form a new economic growth pole, and through a large number of use of foreign capital to make up for the domestic shortage of funds.It is has the characteristics of reference, but the excessive debt and cause environmental resources destruction lessons should be learned.The main countries of the world for the development of underdeveloped areas in history for our country to owe develop region economy sustainable development has provided a lot of experience and Enlightenment: accelerate owe develop area development, stimulative region between the basic balanced and harmonious development, is a country to enhance comprehensive national power, realize the prosperity and stability of the important factors; strengthen infrastructure construction in less developed regions accelerate the development of the necessary conditions of realizing target of catching up; accelerate the development of science and technology and the application of the pace, advance an industry to progress ceaselessly and upgrade, is promoted owe develop the area accelerates development effective means; the implementation of growth pole strategy, advance town actively to change, it is to owe develop area implementation the inevitable choice (?)lerates development; give full play to all kinds of capital resources in underdeveloped development in the area of the different roles, is promoted owe develop the area accelerates the development of the necessary conditions; attaches great importance to environmental protection, take the road of sustainable development, it is to owe develop the area development must long-term importunate is basic principle; attaches great importance to the improvement of population quality and the construction of soft environment, is to owe develop area implementation to accelerate development and the sustainable development important aspect.Less developed regions; social stability and the development of underdeveloped areas policy continuity is the development of its success is important assure.After different periods of development, especially after the grand development in western China since twenty-first Century, the underdeveloped areas have gained remarkable success, accumulated many successful experience. One, strengthen owe develop area external forces, suit the development of science and technology progress promoting advanced industry development, give full play to the social capital of force to promote owe develop area development ability, strengthening the building of systems and mechanisms to strengthen the various types of industrial enterprises of all types of sustained development of internal motivation and external pressure, strengthen the education of culture of science and technology the development of social programs to promote continuous development ability can stick to and develop. But less developed areas the current development remains prominent investment, consumption and exports is lack of power, the government investment outstanding, social investment and foreign investment is lack of power, infrastructure construction and resource development highlights, new technology and new industrial development is lack of power, material resources, human resources development is lack of power and other prominent features, still exist in rural impoverished area big, infrastructure is backward, fragile ecological environment, industrial structure is unreasonable, town changes a course slow wait for a lot of difficulty and problem, these difficulties and problems plagued the development of underdeveloped areas, requiring careful attention and solved step by step. The development of underdeveloped areas from the start to the success through infrastructure construction to drive, characteristic industry development, innovation and development capability to form three phases, understand and grasp the different characteristics and development key, can be targeted to do a good job, in order to more effectively promote the development of underdeveloped areas the success and sustainable development. Owe develop area sustainable development need to be integrated into the national overall development, not only need to overall national development funds, material, technology and other aspects of the support, and the overall development of the capacity of the market support, owe develop area resource development and ecological protection and the social stability but also can promote the further development of the whole country. In order to realize the goal of sustainable development in underdeveloped areas, the need for underdeveloped areas of infrastructure construction, the development of natural resources, human resources development, urban development and ecological protection and construction path choice for science, with a minimum investment to maximize the development. The financial policy to promote sustainable development in the underdeveloped areas of China, should be focused on the underdeveloped situation change quickly, focused on self-development ability enhancement, focus on long-term development strategy. According to the domestic economic situation, owe develop area by the stage of economic development, the international economic situation and the surrounding national economic situation, recommendations for the development and implementation of promote owe develop the area accelerates industrialization, urbanization, modernization process of agriculture fiscal policy; one is formulated to encourage the ecological immigration of fiscal policy, make a large area of land and ecological protection of right the industrialization and urbanization develops organic union to rise. Two is formulated to encourage underdeveloped area to change the development mode of fiscal policy, implementation farming animal husbandry industrialization and modernization. Recommendations for the development and implementation of promoting technical progress of the financial support policy, such as:from the fiscal and tax policy to support and encourage enterprises and industries to the less-developed areas, from the financial and taxation policy to support and encourage scientific and technological personnel training and the use of tax preference to investment of science and technology, play the guiding role, encourage and guide enterprises to become the technical progress main body, establish to owe develop area science and technology development fund, promote the progress of science and technology. Recommendations for the development and implementation of more underdeveloped area especially western the important ecological barrier of area resource and environmental protection of the financial support policy, to increase the protection of resources and environment in the financial investment, early research and environmental protection tax, to establish the ecological compensation fund. Recommendations for the development and implementation of beneficial to owe develop area increase local financial revenue policy; increase finance move to pay strength and special funds strength. Suggestions on increasing underdeveloped area financial investment and financing reform strength, much channel to raise funds for development, such as, actively promote the infrastructure industry, allow and encourage the private capital investment in underdeveloped regions, strengthen and improve the construction of investment and financing system. |
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