| Housing is a necessity for human’s survival and development. It is the shelter andthe place of family’s life and social interactions. At the same time, housing is thecommodity. Its low holding cost and huge value made it an important way to invest.From the necessity perspective, the housing problem is the human rights issue. Itis the nation’s obligations to meet the residents’ living needs and improve the livingconditions. It’s also an important content of the healthy and orderly development ofthe society to satisfy and guide the residents housing demand. State’s investment inthe housing of urban dwellers tends to conflict with the national investment in otherareas, such as industrial development and national defense. Whether there is a housingsystem which is according to human right’s standard, reasonably processing thecontradiction between ubran housing and the investment in other industries andmeeting residents’ maximum standard housing needs in line with the level ofeconomic development is very significant. From the view of the commodity, theproduction, consumption, distribution and exchange of housing is an industry.Housing industry attracts a lot of attention because of its outstanding contribution toincrease government fiscal revenue and promote economic growth. However,emphasis too much on housing’s commodity attribute and trade it as a tool to increasefiscal revenue and economic growth would lead to many social problems and bringdisastrous consequences of economy and society.The the root cause of the problem of urban housing is industrialization andurbanization. In the18th and19th century, during the process of the industrialrevolution, many countries had experienced the shortage of urban housing. Theyformulated measures to solve the problem and accumulated a lot of valuableexperience.China’s Industrialization and Urbanization began in1949, which is quite late.Since then, Chinese government has set a lot of related measures to improve thehousing conditions, but it does not solve the problem fundamentally. Urban housingproblem has been the whole country’s problems.The reason is that we do not have enough knowledge of these two issues. One is the state’s obligations in housing, the other is the relationship between housing andeconomic development. So the shortage of a right guidance view leading the urbanhousing system is not suitable for the social environment.The purpose of this paper is to put forward the principle of the housing system tosolve city housing problems by combing the changes of the previous system history,the change of the value, gains and losses in different times, and referencing theexperience of foreign countries.The paper divided into the following several parts:Introduction: Introduce the theoretical and practical significance of the study ofthe new Chinese urban housing supply system, the main problem of domestic andinternational research literature review of the research areas, research methods, ideasand innovation of this paper. In addition, the introduction difines the concept and thecontent of the urban housing supply system and makes clear the object and the scopeof the research.The first chapter to the fourth chapter combs urban housing supply systemsince1949, introducing the cause，the process and result of urban housing supplysystem in different period.The first chapter: introduce urban housing supply system in the begining of theEstablishment. There had beeen a serious shortage of city housing in the beginning of1949. In order to establish and consolidate the new born socialist regime and to easethe shortage of urban housing problem, Governmen forfeited and received the feudaland imperialist nature of urban real estate, carried out the public-private partnershipmovement and Socialist transformation. And then, the public housing systemestablished. At the same time, complying with the requirements of the production ofthe city, the urban property investment system and welfare distribution systemestablished.The second chapter: Introduce the city housing system during the Great LeapForward and the Cultural Revolution Period. In the Great Leap Forward, unilaterallyemphasising on the development of heavy industry, city housing construction hadmade enormous sacrifices. During the Cultural Revolution Period, urban housingconstruction once stagnated until Deng Xiaoping back to work.The third chapter: Introduce the changes of urban housing supply system duringthe period from the reform and opening up to financial crisis which happened in1998. After reform and opening up, the fundamental change happened because of fallingdown of the level of housing condition in city, financial pressure and urbanizationprocess. Under the promotion of actual pressure and new concept, reform of urbanhousing supply system is started, the investor of urban housing becomes diversity,commercial housing is developed in pilot. At the beginning of1980s, with the reformof the city economic system and the spread of stable financial economic policyestablishment, urban housing system continues to push forward, housingcommercialization process speeds up, the emergence of a new collaborationhouse-building mode, land compensation supply system is established. In1991, DengXiaoping’s southern talk promoted the development of economy and the reform ofeconomic system, city housing distribution system was changed from the materialobject welfare distribution gradually to monetary allocation.The forth chapter: Introduce the changes of urban housing supply system duringthe period from the year when financial crisis happened to today in Southeast Asian.In1998, in order to induce negative influence which caused by the financial crisis toChinese economy, urban housing money distribution system was established, and thesystem of physical welfare distribution was abolished. The establishment of themonetized housing distribution system made Chinese economy security through theSoutheast Asian financial crisis. In2003, SARS happened, in order to preventeconomic downturn and keep the high-speed economic growth, the real estateindustry was established as the pillar industry of the national economy, a series ofpromotion city housing consumption systems were published. The urban housingmade a great contribution to the economic growth. And then, the system of urbanhousing was accommodated frequently. In2008, deflation real estate policy is shiftedto expansion policy which promotes the city housing construction investment tradingin order to cope with the subprime crisis on our country’s economic impact, promoteeconomic growth. Urban housing supply system saved the Chinese economy in aemergency situation. With city housing contradictory violent, beginning from the yearof2009, the central government comes to realize the importance of the construction ofguarantee house, and the contradictions between the central and local government alsoincreasingly prominent.The fifth chapter: Inspection of transition of urban housing supply system ofPeople’s Republic of China. Under the foundation of inspection, this chapter generalizes the process of transition about values of urban housing in China sincefounding, regarding the city housing problem on the game among the interest subjectsand the relationship between the urban housing supply system and the development ofsocial economy. With the development of politic, economy and foreign environment,the values regarding housing system show the process from “political” to “economic”,from “industry” to “live”, from “enjoy the ownership” to “enjoy the use right”, from“rely on market” to “rely on guarantee house”. Regarding the urban housing, theinterest subjects, the central and local governments, real estate developers, Banks,urban residents all have multiple interest demand, so it is necessary to look for arelatively fair way which all the parties can accept to complete the game or platform,maintaining the social equity and justice. Because of the values about urban housing,the changes of the urban housing system are finished in the crack which among thechanges of political and economic reality conditions, political and economic lawsystem, foreign economic situation, as a result housing system almost completelybecome a supporting role in order to complete other political and economic goals, andits aim is neglected.The sixth chapter: Introduction of the foreign housing supply system. Thischapter selects Germany and the United States as the research object, summarize thechanging process of housing supply system and gain and loss in the two countries inorder to supply experiences and lessons to the housing supply system in our country.The seventh chapter: Explore the urban housing supply system which is justice.Firstly, this chapter explores urban housing supply system which is the justice fromhuman rights and the value of act, and then discuss the relations between the urbanhousing system and society, and the final conclusion is that the justice residence legalsystem should be according with human rights standards, promote everyone has equalhousing rights, ban government infringe upon housing rights, satisfy the safety,equality, freedom and efficiency. As a justice urban housing supply system, it shouldinsist on the spirit, principle and content of law, rather than adapt passively to thesocial political and economic environment as a primary task.The eighth chapter: Introduce the objectives and principles of urban housingsupply system. First, this chapter responses three questions which a few peopleconfuse about in the current area of housing: city public ownership of land is thepremise of the housing supply system, housing system reform can not turn back, and the state must intervene in the urban housing supply. Then, this chapter proposes thatthe urban housing supply system goal is to meet the living needs, improve the housingconditions of residents. The realization of this goal is to ensure that residents’ havehouse to live in, and urban housing supply give priority to affordable housing andpublic rental housing, supplemented by commercial property. To safeguard theachievement of this objective, we should stick to the principle of minimum protection,the principle of efficiency and the principle of fairness. |
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