| County economy, characterized by both urban economy and rural economy, bears the least important government functions at the macroeconomic level but should be given the first priority considering its fundamental role at the microeconomic level. It is a relative complete basic economic units and an important node to implement national macro control, which plays a role as a bridge linking macro economy and micro economy. Compared with those developed counties, underdeveloped county denotes counties with small aggregate economic output, prominent urban-rural binary structural contradiction, highly dependence on fiscal income, and income level staying at barely comfortable standard of living. The industrialization, information construction, urbanization and agriculture modernization are far behind from those developed areas. Government should pay attention to these pursuers since their development is key to reducing regional disparity and urban-rural gap.With the development of the reform and opening-up to the outside world, China’s economy has witnessed an unprecedented development and especially our urbanization has achieved a great performance. However, problems such as unbalanced development of regional economy and the huge urban-rural income gap have existed all the way. Meanwhile, several structural underlying problems and dilemmas begin to emerge. Many problems during China Rural Reform process are not solved effectively since economic development style driven by national poverty relief policy and fiscal transfer payment only work in the short time, but is not a feasible way in the long run. As a matter of fact, compared to developed regions, underdeveloped areas not only need capital, technical and policy support, but more importantly, they are far behind developed areas in the aspects of cultural ideas and comprehensive qualities. Therefore, national support to these underdeveloped regions should stick to the two aspects of taking stopgap measures and taking radical measures, which means the emphasis should be put on public idea transformation, exploiting comparative advantages, and choosing the right development way suitable to the counties’situations in order to sustain continuous and healthy development.Currently, there are680underdeveloped counties accounting for35%of the total number of counties on a national scale. Only when these underdeveloped counties catch up with or even exceed the average development rate, can county economic development realize significant progress, new pattern urbanization have a promising future, and a comprehensive well-off society be built. In recent years, there is an increasing interest in underdeveloped county economy in economic academia, but the total amount is not satisfying, which calls for an urgent need of more profound and practical researches centered on new trends and changes at home and abroad. There is no universally well-played solutions and simply copied models for the underdeveloped county economic development. We should illustrate the characteristic path for local counties to suit the local conditions based on the knowledge of county economic development rule. We should make overall plants among industry, agriculture, and service industry, between urban and rural areas, between state-owned economy and private economy, between macro-economic control and micro market adjustment, and explore development strategies and style suitable for our situations by investigating and referring other successful county development modelsBy combination of normative study and empirical study, quantitative study and qualitative study, case study and systematic analysis, as well as literature review, this study firstly mainly systematically investigate basic theories of county economy, analyze various factors affecting county economic development, clarify current situations, existing problems as well as main reasons of underdeveloped county economy, compare the development gap between underdeveloped county and developed county, deeply investigating economic development pattern of underdeveloped county, and proclaim some meaningful developing strategies, relative policies and measures, and useful experiences. Besides, we also summarize classic developing models, characteristics, and experiences of developed countries’agriculture modernization and urbanization based on the study of their development models. Lastly, based on investigation of developing model of domestic underdeveloped counties and also the experiences borrowed from oversea developed countries, we explore general and universally applied rules and provide relative measures of underdeveloped county economy.These measures characterized by operability, duplicability and applicability include the following7aspects:1. Transform government functions into a service-oriented government. A service-oriented government should at on hand transform original functions, play an important role in the country’s macro control, build appropriate economic structure, improve planning of national function areas, facilitate county economic development; and at another hand it should deepen the reform in all of the administrative, fiscal, financial, academic and talent training systems to be a service-oriented government.2. Optimize industry development structure and build characteristic development model. This measure requires the government follow the guideline of optimizing industry development structure, focus on development of characterization, and encourage the private enterprises as the new economic boosting factor.3. Implement "Industry-boosted County Economy" strategies by accelerating industrialization process. This measure asks government always persist on industrialization-oriented development, which includes reinforcing industry park constructions, cultivating large and leading enterprises, giving priority to developing industry of the agricultural product intensive processing, activating stock assets and expanding space, and introducing incremental development.4. Accelerate agriculture industrialization process to improve agriculture modernization. This policy emphasizes developing featured agriculture product farm, fostering leading enterprises equipped with agriculture modernization, carrying forward intensive farming, focusing on brand construction, and managing featured agriculture with idea of industrialization.5. Detailed clarification on significance of new pattern urbanization, existing problems during urbanization process, and how to advance new pattern urbanization efficiently. This measure mainly require government to focus on balanced development between city agglomeration and small towns and cities, medium-sized and large cities, facilitate public service equalization, guide peasantry to integrate into cities, and realize people’s urbanization in a true sense. It especially indicates efforts should be spend on building low carbon, environmental protective urban, giving full play to Industry Park’s aggregation effect, supporting and guiding productive elements into urban, developing urban economy with its own features, accelerating development of commercial and trading circulation system at county level, planning transportation network inside and outside the urban at a high standard, carrying forward agrarian reform and also household registration system reform, and advancing new pattern oriented urbanization development.6. Utilizing late-starting advantages of underdeveloped areas. This measures includes cultivating labor intensive industry by exploiting comparative advantages of land and labor; utilizing "under-value" principles to attract foreign investments; and introducing high-tech enterprises to realize anti-gradient development.7. Develop ecological economy. This measure includes designing ecological compensation and investment and financing mechanisms, collecting environment protection tax, tamping development of ecological civilization, and protecting "green hill, clean water, and blue sky" to keep a sustainable development and a "beautiful China"... |
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