| Since New Age, there is remarkable performance in rural poverty alleviation of China, but, simultaneously, the tendency of imbalance in distribution of the poor become more and more serious. In addition to aggregations of the rural poor in middle-west of three-economy-zone, there is aggregation in mountain rural area. Although the speed of poverty incidence in mountain rural area is even faster than that of flat area, there is still a tendency of mountain-rural-area-aggregations in distribution of the poor, and the poverty problem in mountain rural area is more widespread. To a great extent, the poverty problem in China rural area is the poverty in mountain rural area. So, the poverty in mountain rural area is the most important thing of the poverty problem in China rural area.The report of The Eighteenth National People’s Congress of the Communist Party of China propounded a magnificent target that ensuring Building a Moderately Prosperous Society before2020, whereas, the aggregations of the poor in mountain rural area makes this magnificent target more difficult. So to speak, if there is no all-round well-off in mountain rural area, there must be no all-round well-off in rural area of all the country, and also, if there is no coordinated and sustainable development of economy in mountain rural area, there must be no coordinated and sustainable development of economy in all the country, and finally, if there is no general affluent of peasant in mountain rural area there must be no general affluent of peasant in all the country. So, reducing the number of the poor in mountain rural area effectively will be the important mission of Building a Moderately Prosperous Society. This paper targets to the poverty in mountain rural area, and researches the mechanism of poverty formation and poverty alleviation in mountain rural area, and there is very positive, realistic meaning in rural poverty alleviation and development under the background of Building a Moderately Prosperous Society.The three probable contributions or innovations in this paper are as follow:(1) Based on rural households survey, adopting logistic regression model, this paper studies the effect of rural households transaction cost upon probability of poverty. The achievement of studying rural poverty and transaction cost discretely, while, the study that combining these two factors. Adopting micro-data, bringing mountain area rural poverty as object of study, using this paper Binary Logistic model, this paper studies the effect of transaction cost upon probability of poverty, and the study result shows that high mountain area transaction cost courses high probability of poverty. There probably are some innovations on research perspective of rural poverty mechanism.(2)Adopting hierarchical regression method, this paper studies the mediating effect of transaction cost upon mechanism of mountain area rural poverty. The method of mediating effect is very mature in the field of management science, but the application of this method on the field of economics is not very common. The study on courses of rural poverty generally center on the direct effect of factors such as institution. The study on mechanism of rural poverty especially mountain area is not common also. Bring transaction cost into mediating variable, adopting hierarchical regression method, based on time-series data, this paper obtains the results that rural transaction cost can exert part-mediating effect upon the relationship between poverty courses such as institution and mountain area rural poverty. The application of mediating effect method makes the explanation about the mechanism of mountain area rural poverty more logistical. There probably are some innovations on the method of mountain area rural poverty mechanism.(3) Adopting hierarchical regression method, this paper studies the moderating effect of transaction cost upon mechanism of mountain area rural poverty. The study about the relationship between anti-poverty measure and anti-poverty performance universally pays close attention to the direct effect of anti-poverty measure, and there are not many studies that search after the reason why the same anti-poverty measure courses different anti-poverty performance from the perspective on mechanism design. Bringing transaction cost improvement into moderating variable, adopting hierarchical regression method, based on based on time-series data and panel data, this paper obtains the results that transaction cost improvement can exert half-moderating effect upon the relationship between anti-poverty measure and anti-poverty performance. Based on the theory of mechanism design, in addition, this paper designs the anti-poverty mechanism on the perspective of transaction cost improvement, and the mountain area anti-poverty mechanism becomes more pertinent and objective. There probably are some innovations on the method of mountain area rural anti-poverty mechanism.After constructing the theoretical framework on poverty and transaction cost in mountain rural area, this paper describes the current situation of poverty in China mountain rural area, and the trend of poverty in mountain rural area, and compares the situation of rural poverty between mountain rural area and non-mountain rural area. Using the micro-data from peasant household survey, this study analyzes the economic character of mountain rural area based on transaction cost perspective. Then, on four aspects, from theory and demonstration, this paper analyzes the logical relationship between transaction cost and poverty in mountain rural area:analyzing macroscopically the relationship between transaction cost and aggregations in mountain rural area; analyzing the logical relationship between transaction cost and rural poverty based on microscopic peasant household survey; analyzing the mediating effect of transaction cost on poverty formation in mountain rural area based on bringing in the method of mediating-variables; analyzing the moderating effect of transaction-cost-improvement on poverty alleviation performance based on bringing in the method of moderating-variables. Finally, targeting to the typical mountain area provinces, using the method of typical cases analysis, this paper explores the experience of poverty governance in mountain rural area based on transaction-cost-improvement perspective and designs the poverty reduction mechanism in mountain rural area under the framework of transaction-cost-improvement.This paper mainly studies several thesis as follow:Analyzing the aggregation of rural poverty and economic character in mountain area. Based on structuring the theoretical analysis framework, this paper brings aggregation of rural poverty to measure the aggregation degree of the distribution on rural poor, and the study shows that the aggregation degree of mountain area provinces is more than that of non-mountain area provinces. There is not only economic poverty in mountain rural area, but also multivariate poverty such as information, human capital, culture, education and so on. Analyzed from transaction cost perspective which is composed by asset specificity, transaction uncertainty, market position, marketing degree, systematism level and so on, the transaction cost that coursed during the marketing trade in mountain rural area is remarkably higher than that from non-mountain rural area.Study on the relationship between transaction efficiency and aggregation degree in rural areas. Using macro cross-section data from difference provinces, structuring index system of rural transaction efficiency, this paper analyzes the logical relationship between transaction efficiency and aggregations of rural poor in rural area. The study discovers that, there is large distance on rural comprehensive transaction efficiency among difference provinces. The rural comprehensive transaction efficiency of mountain provinces is remarkably lower than that of non-mountain provinces, and, province with low transaction efficiency are extremely likely the provinces those who have higher aggregations of rural poor. That is to say, the rural comprehensive transaction efficiency can cause remarkable effect upon aggregations of rural poor. Study on the logical relationship between transaction cost and probability of rural poverty. Based on expanding Williamson’s normal formulas of transaction cost, this paper establishes a index system of transaction cost which includes transaction characteristics, position, family characteristics. Using the data from microscopic peasant household survey, adopting logistic regression model, this paper analyzes the relationship between transaction cost and poverty probability. The study discovers that, the higher transaction cost is when the peasant household participate market transaction, the larger poverty probability is.Study on mediating effect of transaction cost upon the relationship between poverty factors and mountain area rural poverty. Bringing transaction cost into mediating-variables, this paper analyzes the mediating effect of transaction cost on the relationship between poverty formation reasons (such as institution, economy, society, culture and environment) and mountain rural poverty. The study discovers that, poverty formation reasons (such as institution, economy, society, culture and environment) have remarkable negative effect upon rural poverty, and transaction cost can execute remarkable parcel-mediating-effect on the relationship between poverty formation reasons and mountain rural poverty.Study on moderating effect of transaction cost improvement upon the relationship between typical anti-poverty measures and poverty alleviation performance. Bringing transaction cost improvement into moderating-variables, using time series data and balanced panel data, this paper analyzes the moderating effect of transaction cost improvement on the relationship between topical anti-poverty measures and poverty alleviation performance. The study discovers that, rural transaction cost improvement can execute remarkable half-moderating-effect on the relationship between topical anti-poverty measures and poverty alleviation performance. That is to say, the higher level of transaction cost improvement the larger poverty alleviation performance is. And the study also discovers that, on the whole, the positive moderating effect of transaction cost improvement on the relationship between typical anti-poverty measures and poverty alleviation performance in mountain area provinces is larger than that of non-mountain area provinces.Mechanism design of poverty alleviation in mountain rural area based on transaction cost improvement. Regard Caixi Shanghang in Fujian province as typical mountain area, this paper designs the poverty alleviation mechanism in mountain rural area. Using the method of case study, this paper analyzes the transaction cost improvement mechanism during the process of poverty alleviation in mountain rural area. The study discovers that, the transaction cost improvement mechanism can increase mountain area peasant’s income and make mountain rural area become more and more rich. |
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