| Since the reform and opening up, especially since the implementation of "the Seven-Year Priority Poverty Alleviation Program and China’s Western Development Program, in the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the unity and struggle of the cadres and masses of all ethnic groups, as well as the strong support of other provinces and the community, in the western minority areas, the economic and social development has made considerable progress, the total economy is increasing, the people’s living standards is improving, the income levels is rising, and the comprehensive strength is enhancing. However, due to the interaction of the natural, economic, social, cultural, religious and other factors, in the western minority areas, there are the problems of frequent natural disasters, the weak development foundation, a strong religious influence, social unrest, regional disparities, especially the problem of poverty in western ethnic minorities areas caused by harsh natural living environment and the laggard social development have not only been the severe challenges toward its economic development, but also have become a hidden danger effects on western region and even on China’s economic and social modernization process as well as building a harmonious society.’The key counties of national poverty alleviation and development" released by Poverty Alleviation and Development Leading Group of the State Council in2012, the country’s592key counties of the national poverty alleviation and development (hereinafter referred to as pro-poor focus counties) are distributed in21provinces (cities, districts), eight ethnic minority provinces concentrated of232, accounting for39.19percent of the country, including Tibet, the overall Area enter the national poverty reduction sequence, poverty face is100%;341ethnic autonomous poverty counties located in the country’s17provincial-level administrative regions (including Tibet), eight ethnic minority provinces west concentrated of267, accounting for78.30percent of the country. So, the level of poverty of the western minority areas is far higher than the national, including the largest regions category, the most concentrated of ethnic population distribution, the most backward of economic development level. Poverty in these areas has seriously hampered the pace of China’s overall poverty alleviation forward, out of poverty is facing serious challenges and enormous pressure, and become a potential risk of regional social crisis, pose a significant threat to the western minority areas of social development and social stability."The people’s Republic of China National Economic and social development of the Twelfth Five Year Plan Outline" adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee clearly stated:"We should make more support of the ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas, intensively promote the enriching borderers action, support the development of border trade, increase poverty projects of poverty alleviation and develop the western Yunnan border area, the Tibetan area and the border areas in Guangxi, increase food-for-work and ex-situ of poverty alleviation relocation efforts; further improve the sound social security system covering both urban and rural residents in ethnic minority areas, and improve the basic health system, improve housing security work." Therefore, the reduction of poverty has become an important element of our national work, and fundamentally eliminating absolute poverty to become the central deployment fundamentally important strategic task of building a harmonious society.The western region, especially in Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet, Qinghai, Guizhou, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, poverty remains a major theoretical and policy issues facing western minority areas of economic and social development.In this paper, by analyzing the Western Minority Nationality Areas facing the grim situation and constraints, put forward the reality western minority areas targeted anti-poverty ideas of governance, explore a way to adapt to western minority areas in the new poverty, institutional innovation and reform of the mechanism, establish the western minority areas anti-poverty of new poverty alleviation institutional arrangements, this has important theoretical significance and practical significance for effectively curb unstable factors, resolve social conflicts, and science to promote the economic development of the western minority areas, to achieve social justice, stability and common prosperity of all ethnic groups, maintaining national unity and national security. This article based on the western minority areas anti-poverty, mainly uses theoretical studies, comparative studies, quantitative and logical analysis, systematic and comprehensive exposition of the anti-poverty strategy of the western minority areas of theoretical perspectives, data comparison and experience of enlightenment.The innovation of this paper is composed of two parts which are research perspective innovation and research content innovation. Research perspective aspects:This article was in the background of building a socialist well-off society, summarized the connotations of poverty at home and abroad, the standards and the fundamental causes of poverty as well as on the basis of systematic analysis of poverty theory, based on the actual status quo of anti-Poverty in the western minority areas, research performed on western minority areas anti-poverty strategy issues facing the grim situation and major challenges, closely around the mainline of ideas of anti-poverty strategy to establish a scientific and reasonable, innovative departure from the strategic positioning of the western minority areas anti-poverty, institutional arrangements and special development background, in-depth analysis of the anti-poverty facing the grim situation of the western minority region, comprehensive analysis and summary of its major core issues of institutional arrangements and strategic thinking, put forward strategic countermeasures to promote minority areas anti-poverty.Analysis constraints of anti-poverty issues from natural, historical, economic, institutional perspective, explore strategic framework and development priorities to promote the western minority areas anti-poverty. This paper systematically proposed western minority areas should be innovate mechanism design, Establish mechanisms of economic development as the core resource development mechanism, social management mechanism as the core social stability mechanism, and we must further optimize the social supervision mechanism, the sharing mechanism of the public interest, as well as social security mechanisms. This article make great efforts to find a suitable new development of western minority areas antipoverty road, strengthen the anti-poverty issue’s critical role in the development of ethnic minority areas in the west. This article divided into six chapters to study minority areas of western anti-poverty strategy, the main content and perspectives are as follows:The first chapter is the introduction, consists of six parts. The first part described the research background and significance of the topic of this article; the second and third parts mainly focuses on the current situation of the domestic and international anti-poverty theory research from documentary; the fourth part is mainly established research method, theory, comparative research methods as well as the number of logical analysis method; the fifth part focuses on the innovation of this paper, systematic and comprehensive proposed western minority areas should be established resources development mechanism as the core of economic development mechanism, social management mechanism as the core of social stability mechanism, at the same time we must further optimize the social supervision mechanism, the sharing mechanism of the public interest, as well as social security mechanisms; the sixth part is the inadequacies of this article, lack of theoretical depth and the limited scope of the study.Chapter II consists of four parts, describes the theoretical basis and experience. The first part elaborates the theoretical content and theoretical enlightenment of the foreign anti-poverty theory; the second part elaborates the theoretical content and theoretical enlightenment of the domestic anti-poverty theory; the third part summarizes the anti-poverty experience of the foreign minority areas; the fourth part summarizes the contemporary enlightenment of anti-poverty by the western minority regions.Chapter III consists of four parts, elaborates the economic development of the western minority areas. The four parts analysis the economic development of western minority areas from four aspects, the growth rate, economic status, the transverse gaps and financial dependence. Clear development status and the gap with the national of the western ethnic eight provinces.Chapter IV consists of four parts, elaborates the grim situation of anti-poverty of western minority areas. The five parts analysis the grim situation of the anti-poverty from frequent natural disasters, weak foundation for the development of social unrest frequency present and regional disparities five aspects, clear anti-poverty status and the difficulties faced by, study on the anti-poverty construction of local conditions. Chapter Ⅴ consists of five parts, elaborates the constraints of anti-poverty of western minority areas. The first part is mainly written harsh natural conditions of the western poverty-stricken ethnic minority areas; The second part is about the poor long-term livings in western minority areas in blocking traffic, the deterioration of the ecological environment, the relatively closed nature remote environment, so the economy and society still in the relatively low level of development; the third part is about the complex historical factors, most left over from a feudal society, have a complicated historical background; the fourth part is about the religious and cultural conflict, different ethnic groups have different religious and cultural, some are completely opposite, this makes the inevitable conflict between religions; the fifth part is about the system design flaws, mainly elaborates from the narrow range of poverty identified, low poverty standard and low efficiency of the anti-poverty.Chapter Ⅵ consists of six parts, mainly elaborates the institutional arrangements of anti-poverty of western minority areas, on the basis of chapter Ⅲ, chapters Ⅳ and Ⅴ. Explain the importance from clearing functional orientation, the development of the legal system, standardizing the management system, improving the policy system, strengthening financial support and perfecting counterpart assistance. Sound legal, policy is the successful experience of developed countries anti-poverty. The lack of law, poor government policies and insufficient poverty assessment system make the anti-poverty work difficult and the anti-poverty governance inefficient.Chapter Ⅶ consists of six parts, mainly focuses on the strategic approach of the western minority areas anti-poverty. The first part proposes to establish the Poverty Reduction Strategy, including poverty alleviation and development goals, the strategy of development, regional function and development of strategic focus; the second part proposes to innovative mechanisms design, including transmission mechanism construction, establishment of participatory mechanisms and oversight mechanisms; the third part is about strengthening social services, that is, to increase spending on health care efforts, strengthen infrastructure construction, improve the social assistance system; the fourth part is about development of special industries, including special tourism industry, characteristics of modern agriculture and the Chinese medicine; the fifth part is about improving education and training, that is, to popularize basic education knowledge, develop vocational and technical education and strengthen the teaching staff; the sixth part proposes to develop social security, that is, to improve the social security laws and regulations, broaden the coverage of social security and expand social security financing channels. |
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