Research On The Route Of Advancing The New Urbanization In Chongqing City

This dissertation is a study on the route of advancing the New Urbanization in Chongqing City. Through in-depth investigation of the objective reality faced with the new urbanization model in Chongqing and of the existing research results, based on the understanding of factor mobility and agglomeration theory, urban-rural integration theory, and system innovation theory and of their requirements on the new urbanization model, this dissertation defines two concepts:New Urbanization and the New Urbanization route, reaches a normative contention of the New Urbanization route choice, and sets up the logical starting point and the analysis foundation at this point. Using historical analysis and measurement test method, and from the institutional and quantitative dimensions, this dissertation explores the basic contradictions underlying the New Urbanization route evolution, testifies the problems and characteristics of the New Urbanization development, and reveals the influencing factors and mechanism of New Urbanization route choice. On this basis, centering on the urban-rural equal relationship, this dissertation establishes objectives and strategic framework for the New Urbanization development in Chongqing, designs a practical route for Chongqing New Urbanization, innovates institutional systems for the New Urbanization route in Chongqing, and finally puts forth the corresponding policy proposal.Ⅰ. Main contentsThe framework of this dissertation is composed of four parts:introduction, theoretical research, empirical research and strategy research, which are dispersed in 10 chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction: to locate and define the issue, to set up research objectives, contents, ideas and methodology based on the analysis of research background. Chapter 2 is the theoretical research: to draw on previous theoretical research results, and to form the normative understanding of the New Urbanization and the New Urbanization route. Chapter 3-6 covers the empirical study:Chapter 3 compares and investigates both domestic and foreign practices of New Urbanization route, and draws worthy experiences and lessons upon that. Chapter 4 reviews the historical Urbanization route evolution process in Chongqing City, explores the basic contradictions underlying the evolution, and discover the trend of Chongqing’s New Urbanization route choice; Chapter 5 analyzes the current status, problems and causes of Chongqing New Urbanization development; Chapter 6 is an empirical analysis of the influencing factors and mechanisms for the urbanization route choice in Chongqing. Chapter 7-9 is the strategy research: Chapter 7 establishes goals and strategic framework for the New Urbanization development in Chongqing; Chapter 8 designs the practical route and its implementation procedures for the New Urbanization advancement in Chongqing; Chapter 9 innovates institutional system and proposes specific institutional arrangements for the New Urbanization route; Chapter 10 reaches the research conclusions and puts forward strategic proposals.Ⅱ. Basic conclusions1. New Urbanization is essentially a people-centered, economic, social and many other areas-involved, comprehensive transition and profound revolution, embodying a fundamental change in development concept, harmonious relations with each other and an integrated improvement of overall efficiency. With the urban-rural integration as the overall objective, people’s overall development as the fundamental guideline, and industrialization and informationization as the drive, New Urbanization is a multi-level evolution process of harmonious and efficient development of elements including people, economy, society, resource and environment. New Urbanization is quite distinguished from the traditional urbanization in terms of historical backgrounds, highlights, main body, models and driving mechanisms. Under the new era and institutional restriction, New Urbanization bears some new characteristics of being people-oriented, market-driven, urban-rural integrating, and multi-level coordinating while abiding by general rules of urbanization.2.Urbanization route evolution is virtually a process of continuous adjustment and integration of the government-market relation; although "strong government, weak society" remains to be an obvious feature in the urbanization route evolution process in Chongqing city, the timely and appropriate exit of the government and the timely and appropriate entry of the market indicates an inevitable trend and request. New Urbanization route evolution is the integration of target selection and tool selection, natural selection and rational selection under certain historical background, with the profound mark of planned economic system and the brand new feature of market economic system. Generally speaking, the governmental function is a key factor influencing the urbanization route in Chongqing. To keep consistent with the national strategies, city development strategies and the socio-economic reality is a most conspicuous characteristic of the evolution process; however, the resource allocation function of the market also becomes an increasingly outstanding and fundamental factor impacting the evolution. The main future trend of Chongqing’s New Urbanization route choice will be reinforcing the market’s orientation function, optimizing the government’s driving force, highlighting integration development, and stressing more on people’s nature and benefit.3. Due to the innate poor conditions, stagnancy of recognition of undue government roles, institutional restriction on marketing functions, relationship dislocation and insufficient interaction between government and the market, the effects of New Urbanization development in Chongqing are exerted within a certain limitation. New Urbanization development in Chongqing promotes the transfer of population, economic concentration, industrial change and structural transformation, but the effects of its development are exerted within a limitation. Firstly, the overall level of the urbanization development is lagged behind. It does not only lag behind the level of economic development, but also lags behind the level of industrialization. Secondly, the structure system is unreasonable. Industrial structure and employment structure experience serious imbalance, and the ratio of urban-scale structure 1:5:13:13 is inappropriate. Thirdly, regional development is unbalanced. The urbanization rate of the "One Circle and Two Wings" are 62.75%,32.69% and 24.49% respectively; their degrees of city primacy are 8.81,2.12 and 1.22 respectively; and the rates of counties on early, medium and advanced stages of urbanization are 22.5%,45% and 32.5% respectively, all indicating the non-equilibrium characteristics of the development. Fourthly, the urban-rural relationship breaks the balance. Urban-rural income ratio rises from 3.65:1 in 2003 to 3.81:1 in 2008. The main causes for these limitations include:the innate poor conditions, stagnancy of recognition of undue government roles, institutional restriction on marketing functions, relationship dislocation and insufficient interaction between government and the market. 4.New Urbanization Route choice is a complicated multi-dimensional process, a process of interactions and integrations of various factors; the influencing factors of Chongqing New Urbanization Route Choice are multiple and the influencing mechanism is complex. Empirical results show that:Firstly, the industrial promotion and non-agricultural employment opportunities stability provide important conditions and guarantee for the New Urbanization Route Choice in Chongqing; Secondly, economic development, narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents, improving labor quality and enhancing urban and rural infrastructure all have significant impacts on promoting the New Urbanization Route Choice in Chongqing; Thirdly, separate urban and rural household registration system, employment policy, market structure and the imbalance between economic and social development all become important barriers on the process of New Urbanization Route Choice making in Chongqing.5.Based on the innate and essential requirements, existing experience models, route dependency and reality, New Urbanization on the current phase should take the route of "harmonious and multi-type coordination between market orientation and government enhancement" as its choice, as well as its goal and strategic framework. The New Urbanization route leads to its goal of development. It indicates the regular results of human society, market economy and urbanization development, and the results designed and constructed by human initiatives. According to the existing theoretical research, experience models, route dependency and reality, New Urbanization in Chongqing should be guided by the scientific development concept, take the urban and rural integration as the overall objective, exert the market’s fundamental and oriented role and the government’s macro and promoting role, and implement the route of "harmonious and multi-type coordination between market orientation and government enhancement" through a variety of ways. "The market orientation and government enhancement" is the basic mechanism, "coordination" is the core concept, and "multi-type" is the specific way to proceed forward.6.Stagnation of institutional innovation supply, effects exertion limitation, and the urban-rural separation retained in the institutional system all circumscribe the smooth proceeding of Chongqing New Urbanization route and calls for urgent institutional innovation. Institutional innovation is the basic premise and effective guarantee for the New Urbanization Route Choice. When implementing the route, we should follow the principles and premises of fairness and efficiency, urban and rural integration, objective feasibility, system integrity, orderly proceeding, comprehensive systemization, and the bottom line maintenance. We should make the best use of two major bodies of the government and the people, and the two supportive forces of formal and informal institutions. And then through mandatory and induced forms of changes, we can construct a fair and efficient institutional system serving the New Urbanization, and promoting the development of New Urbanization. Currently, major field of areas and key steps for institutional innovation include: the household registration system, land system, social security system, rural financial system and others.Ⅲ. Main innovative points1. Generate the new understanding of the essential meaning of New Urbanization. By borrowing from previous research accomplishments, this dissertation discusses the essence of urbanization. Through comparison between the New and Traditional Urbanization, it reaches the new understanding of New Urbanization, which is, "the urbanization with people-oriented, market-driven, urban-rural integration, and multi-level coordination characteristics".2.Reveal the general rules of urbanization route evolution. This dissertation discovers the general rule of urbanization route evolution by analyzing the evolution tracks of Chongqing urbanization routes, which is, "urbanization route evolution is essentially a process of consistent adjustment and integration of government-market relation". Governmental function is the major influencing factor while the market’s resource allocation function will be the fundamental one influencing the route evolution. Timely and appropriate exit of the government, and entry of the market is the inevitable trend and request.3.Attain the New Urbanization route of evolution adapt to the new stage of development in Chongqing. By the comprehensive analysis and study on the macro-environment of the selection of New Urbanization in Chongqing, including the strategic opportunities and encountering challenges, the reasons which includes theoretical basis, borrowing experiences in reference and the background of reality, accompanied by the advantages and restrictive factors, this dissertation draws an evolutionary route of New Urbanization adapt to the new stage of development in Chongqing, which is the "harmonious and multi-form route with the market orientation and government promotion".Ⅳ. Strategic proposals 1. Hold the policy of people orientation; strengthen the abilities of New Urbanization Development. The government is required to eliminate the flow obstacle that restricts the transferring or potentially transferring population in rural areas, leading them, especially the new-generation peasants to serve and locate in urban areas. On the other hand, the government needs to provide the same treatment to the transferred population, constructing the mechanisms of market adjustment and bi-directed flow of labor between urban and rural areas, declining the cost and risk of flowing except providing the opportunities of stable jobs, training and relatively high level of wages. Therefore, the abilities of New Urbanization Development are able to be strengthened.2.Strengthen the leading function of market; improve the performance level of New Urbanization Development. The leading function of market should be applied in many aspects such as the population transference, factor collection, production upgrading, and internal structure adjustment upon the cities, external extension and competition. By applying the mechanism of competition, the distribution of factors both in urban and rural areas is able to be optimized, the resources utilization efficiency be enhanced. Furthermore, by applying the natural informative advantage and encouragement of innovative abilities within market mechanism, the performance level of New Urbanization Development in Chongqing could be improved.3.Boost the overall planning both in urban and rural areas; form the long-term mechanism of New Urbanization Development. Chongqing is the national key city, of which the comprehensive city abilities and the radioactive driving force should be improved. The reforms of production structure both in internal and external rings should be enforced and the mechanism of increment upon agricultural investment should be constructed according to the principle that government finance supports the agriculture. Furthermore, the rural finance system must be completed, including the construction of some rural neo-financial institutions such as rural banks and rural financial unions. After constructing the positive interaction in urban and rural areas and the overall planning of the principles and resources distribution, the high-efficient transference of resources and factors in urban and rural areas can be achieved and realized.4.Conduet multi-form development with harmony; form an overall scale of New Urbanization Development. It is necessary to extent the main city and support Wanzhou to become the second largest city of Chongqing, which could help to form the line-style developing zone in northeast of Chongqing and dot-style zone in southeast, and achieve the harmonious development of the main city, regions and counties. The new mechanism of coordinative development of productions in "one circle and two wings", which represents the main city, northeast and southeast parts of the geographic status of Chongqing, must be constructed, completing the regional cooperative mechanism, forming the production system of "reasonable production distribution of careers in urban and rural areas, typical regional characteristics and fully used advantages of resources and factors", establishing the concept of ecological city and environmental prior under the criterion of "green, sustainable and efficient", transforming the methods of economic development, enhancing the circular and low-carbon economy, in order to increase the efficiency of resources and energy application.5.Optimize the government’s leading function; create an excellent environment of New Urbanization Development. It is cautious to use the government’s power, and necessary to hold and make use of the policy depression effect and the prior right of experiments in the experimental zones. By transforming the government’s function, strengthening the legislative construction, the low-rank, wide-spread and equivalent public service in urban and rural areas should be kept as the basic function, protecting the fundamental rights of transferred population, to create the excellent conditions for the free flow of resources and factors in urban and rural areas, accelerating the process of New Urbanization in Chongqing.