On W. Lobscheid And His English And Cchinese Dictionary

English and Chinese Dictionary (1866-1869) by W. Lobscheid (1822-1893), a German missionary to China in the19th century, was known as "representing the highest achievements of Westerners’ Chinese and foreign lexicography in19th century". The dictionary which contains more than50,000English words and600,000Chinese characters has had a profound impact on even the formation of modern Chinese Characters Circle, However, there is little systematic and detailed study on Lobscheid and his works in China and even the world.Historian Luo Rongqu pointed out that "Modernization is the historical process of human society from traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society". The connotation of the word "modem" is modernity. The starting point for the process of modernization of is industrial revolution in late eighteenth century. The change of the way of productivity brought the huge change to the society. Due to the emergence of new-bornnewborn disciplines, technologies, and new ideas produced by the Western industrial revolution, new concepts constantly appeared and were added to English dictionaries. If a dictionary is a reflection of an era, the English-Chinese Dictionary represents the cultural exchanges between China and western Western societies in a certain period. Especially in the19th century, dictionary dictionaries appeared in China before other types of works reflecting Western development and changes, and thus contributed significantly to these exchanges. When new concepts in English became common and were accepted by modern Chinese through the English-Chinese Dictionary, the Western modernity these concepts y represented was transmitted and accepted.This paper tried to collect and analyze the manuscripts, archive materials of W. Lobscheid and his English and Chinese Dictionary, reveal his life, activities in China and his works which remains unknown to researchers. It also investigates the vocabulary of his dictionary which reflects the social changes in19century, explore his contribution to the formation of modern Chinese and the exchange of English and Chinese cultural system, and evaluate the important role of Lobscheid and other missionaries in the process of Chinese modernization. The paper consists of six parts. Introduction generally describes the significance, methodology and innovativeness of the research and defines some important concepts. Chapter One explores Lobscheid’s family background, marriage, and his activities in China by analyzing his manuscripts and materials, sorts out his works and evaluates his view of China. The second chapter researches on the story of his publishment of English and Chinese Dictioanry, including the cancellation of prefaces of his Dictionary, the reference version of an American Dictionary of the English Language, and the relationship between Lobscheid and Austria. The third chapter explores the transmission process of modernity to China by analyzing the vocabularies which reflect the western modern lifestyle, education, economy, disciplines and core vocabulary of Western values. The fourth chapter describes the characteristics and phenomena of the vocabulary in the dictionary. The last chapter concludes the findings of the study.The paper is innovative on the following points. First, based on collection and analysis of Lobscheid’s manuscripts, it corrects some mistakes of the research on Lobscheid, and fills the academic research blank. The study on the reason of cancellation of his preface helps to deepen the study on Lobscheid and his dictionary. Second, the study on the role of Lobscheid’s dictionary is helpful for recognizing the interactive process of modern Chinese and modernization of China by historical and vocabulary study. Last, it provides a new perspective of cross cultural studies by studying the exchange of Chinese and western culture and finds out the ideological thoughts from the aspect of lexicology.