Research On The Effective Supplying Of Public Goods In The New Community

With the accelerated process of urbanization, creating a new type of social construction model and building new types of communities have played a key role in the economic development and social stability. Combined with the new community construction at the grassroots level, the government made huge contributions to alleviate poverty, the income gap between urban and rural areas, and lack of basic social security and so on by providing the new community public goods effectively. It is an important means to eliminate the bottleneck of economic development in our country that providing the new community public goods effectively. Our government has been committed to the new community construction, and it is a important issue that providing the new community public goods effectively since the third plenary session of16th. The "twelfth five-year" plan emphasizes on providing basic public goods equally at different regions, and one of its contents is to establish and perfect the system of basic public goods and services. All suggest that our government attaches great importance to providing the new community public goods effectively. But now, it has always existed that the problem of the shortage supplying in the new community public goods with the process of the new community construction. The main contents are the poor expressing paths, supplying insufficiently, as well as the dislocation between supplying and demanding. The existing public goods theories, which have supplying theory and expressing demands theory, couldn’t explain the realistic problems effectively, more couldn’t make a theoretical guidance to the government in providing the new community public goods effectively. And these problems couldn’t solve timely and effectively, that would lead to economic development lacking of power, social instability and other major issues. Now, the contradiction between the growing demands for public goods from the new community residents and the lack of effective providing has been a main contradiction at the process of the new community construction. Recently, residents discontented with the public health, the public education, the public environment, social security and so on form weakly to strongly, which shows that contradictions of the social construction increasingly prominent and have intensified trend. Therefore, the study of mechanisms in providing public goods for the new community effectively has extreme theoretical and practical values.The paper is divided into seven parts to study mechanisms in providing public goods for the new community effectively.The first part:Introduction. The introduction section mainly introduces the topic background, research purpose and significance, the present research situation in domestic and foreign, the basic framework, research methods, technical route, the innovation and the insufficiency of the paper, etc.The second part:The study that how to definite the new community and its public goods."The new community" and "the new community public goods" are two most basic definitions in the research, also is the basis of this research.1. The reinterpretation of "the new community".In the process of urbanization, traditional methods couldn’t contain new situations and new characteristics in the construction and development of the new community. The government didn’t make a unified planning. Regions create different patterns in the new community by the actual development needs. According to the degree of economic development, the residents’structure, community functions and the cultural background, there are four forms about the new community:urban community, the new rural community, rural migrant workers community and enterprise community. The paper described concepts and features.2. The concept of "the new community public goods". At the basis of delimiting the new community, according to the Buchanan method, the paper proposed the accurate definition about the new community public goods and basic characteristics. At last, the paper had a comparison and classification research on it.The third part:The theory research of providing the new community public goods effectively. There are two main contents. One is the platform of providing public goods has been set up the new community, which improved the efficiency of expressing demands; Second is the new community public goods is divided into the spillover public goods and the not spillover according to the new community whether surplus. The paper discusses the theoretical foundation of providing two types of public goods. The two aspects made the supply of public goods meet the residents’needs, improve the supplying efficiency, and achieve the optimal allocation of resources. This part provides a new thinking way to solve the problem of the inefficient supplying on the new community public goods.1. The theoretical basis on how to make sure the effectiveness of expressing demands on the new community public goods. The cost of public choice theory and the hypothesis of individual rational economic man theory would show that the new community is the best platform to provide public goods at the reason of it guaranteeing the effectiveness of expressing demands on public goods.2. The theory basis on how to make sure the effectiveness of providing the new community public goods. The grassroots democracy constructed in the new community in our country, which gave the diversified interests structure characteristic to the new community. At the same time, Multidimensional offer pattern is referred to providing public goods for meeting the heterogeneity and diversity of demands. Based on the multi-center theory, public power theory and the institutional change and institutional innovation theory, this part would study the theoretical foundation of the efficient supply in the new community public goods.3. The theory basis on how to make sure the effectiveness of cooperated providing the spillover public goods. According to the spillover feature of the new community public goods, new communities should take mutual cooperation pattern to provide to avoid the free-ride problem and achieve the social Pareto optimal allocation of public resources. This part would explore the theory foundation for the spillover public goods from the free-ride theory and the theory of optimal allocation in public resources.The fourth part:The study of the elements which the new community public goods have and basis principles in providing public goods effectively. According to new features of the new community and residents’demands for public goods, the paper reidentifints elements of expressing demands and supplying.1. The study on the expression mechanism of community public goods demands. The expression mechanism of community public goods demands mainly includes the expression method and the expression way. In the analysis of methods of expressing demands and paths, the realistic choices are to improve the use of valuation of voting by hand or feet, and to use three paths which have a new community neighborhood committee, Council and social organization.2. The study on the supply mechanism model of the new community public goods. The supplying system mainly includes two aspects, which are supplying factors and providing modes. In the analysis of the supply factors and the supply modes, the paper shows that, multiple offer patterns is he best model that is able to guarantee the effective supply of the new community public goods, and which is inevitable trend of choosing the supplying ways.3. The basic principles of the new community public goods. In order to ensure the effective supply of new community public goods, efficiency and fairness are two basic and indispensable principles, the efficiency includes Pareto optimality, Pareto improvement and potential Pareto improvement principle, fair principle includes the equal opportunity and social justice; in addition, in the field of the new community public goods, efficiency and fairness principle work together harmony and there is not a trade-off relationship between the two.The fifth part:An Empirical Study on the supplying efficiency of the new community public goods. Through the analysis of the status and efficiency in expressing demands, multidimensional offer pattern’s situation and efficiency, as well as summarizing problems, we can find out that tihere has no efficiency in expressing demands and supplying.1. An empirical study on the efficiency of expressing the new community public goods demands. Based on the survey data of the finance and Taxation College of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics " the countryside public goods research group " in2009, and the " China General Social Survey " data of the Sociology Department of Renmin University in China and the Hong Kong University Science&Technology, Department of Social Sciences, the national Bureau of statistics of the fifth census data, using descriptive statistical method and SAS clustering analysis with the expressing efficiency of the new community public goods. The results show that:The inefficiency of local public goods supply is becoming a serious problem, the main cause is that expression channels of residents demand for public goods are not patency. The main public goods expressions are "voting by hand" and "voting by feet". Based on the empirical analysis of "voting by hand" and "voting by their feet", we get these conclusions:the poor rural residents’Quality, the inability of executive power and backward management means, are the factors which leads to the no-efficiency of "one project one discussion" direct-expression. The low voters’extent of participation and the disjunction between election practice and theory, are the reasons of public goods expression no-patency by grass-roots election way. The residents have to "vote by feet" when they can’t express public goods demand smoothly by the "voting by hand" way.2. An empirical study on the efficiency of supplying the new community public goods. Based on the data from2007to2012, and making comparison with three aspects, which are the expenditure level of public goods in city and in the rural, the organization scale of government and non-governmental (including social organizations and private enterprises), the investment scale of the government and the social capital. The article makes some questions, which the local government is still main body to provide new type of community public service, new types of community public service are in lack and providing unfairly, are also serious, through the methods of panel data measurement analysis to the local general public expenditure in31provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Aiming at these issues, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the efficiency in providing new types of new community public services, such as transforming the government leading provide mechanism, building multidimensional offer pattern.The sixth part:The study of the policy’s theory model to achieve the effective supplying the new community public goods. The part will construct two policy’s theory models providing guidance for policy reform on the effective supplying of the new community public goods, The one is a linkage mechanism of " Internet, complementary, interactive "; the second is the study of two or three phases dynamic game change process of providing two spillover public goods at the same time and sequentially by constructing a non cooperative game equilibrium model between two communities.1. Construction the linkage mechanism of "Internet, complementary, interactive ".The Internet mechanism refers to the relationship of the government regulation mechanism and social collaboration mechanism; the complementary mechanism is the relationship of administrative functions of government and social autonomy function; the interaction mechanism is the relationship of government management and social adjustment.2. The study of two or three phase’s dynamic game change process of providing two spillover public goods at the same time and sequentially by constructing a non cooperative game equilibrium model between two communities. The paper studies two or three phases dynamic game change process of providing two spillover public goods at the same time and sequentially by constructing a non cooperative game equilibrium model between two communities. This paper also studies the relation of direct contributions and matching rate on the basis of this model. Research finds that the result of committing direct contributions and matching rate by two communities at the same time is the Pareto optimality. The model result of one community committing matching rate is uncertain, and the welfare of committing area would improve in contrast with committing direct contributions and matching rate by two communities. Total quantity of two spillover public goods by providing sequentially is lower than total quantity of providing at the same time. Two spillover public goods have relation in supplying character, and the matching rate has no significant role of supplying character. Hereby, some recommendations are proposed for how to provide spillover public goods between some communities.The seventh part:The policy research to improve the supplying efficiency of the new community public goods. Based on case studies and fieldwork studies, this part discusses the roles of the government, the social organism, and the enterprise in the provision of basic public goods in the transformation stage to provide the corresponding policy suggestions for the effective supplying, from perfecting the expression mechanism, strengthening co-governance between community and government, and improving the supporting mechanism.