Innovation And Reconstruction: Research On The Supply System Of Rural Community Public Goods Under The Background Of New Village Construction

Rural public good supply is an essential part of three-dimensional rural issues, as wellas the key of building a new socialist countryside, involving the speed and quality ofrural economic and social development. Not only does the condition of supply directlyinfluence peasants’ production and life, but it also relates to the target of New VillageConstruction. The present mode of supplying rural community public goods is the"State finance and community self-help" pattern. On the one side, inheriting the initial"Top-down" mechanism of decision making, villages receive all kinds of special fundsallocated from the relevant national apartments for rural infrastructure construction,which unfortunately cannot express the consumption preference of rural public goodsand satisfy peasants’ demandseffectively. Meanwhile, there is little chance that ournation is capable of providing all public goods when building a new socialistcountryside. On the other side, rural community raise funds and labors via "One issue,one discussion" to construct villages’ public utilities. Nevertheless, such institutiondesigned for adapting to the rural tax reform can hardly play its due role despite thenation’s financial subsidy. Consequently, such low-efficiency arrangement cannot fit forthe target of New Village Construction. It is obliged to create a new mechanism basedon present arrangements and reconstruct the rural community public good supplyinstitution.With this logical thinking, the research will theme on the innovation and reconstruction of rural community public good supply system from four parts. The firstpart will clarify the objects and theoretical basis of the research, focusing on the issues,purposes, significance, methods, contents, etc. In this part, we will review and commenton domestic and foreign relevant researches to provide experience for an intensive study.Furthermore, the article will summarize and sort out the necessary theoretical tools—the theories of institutional transition and innovation, and build up its analyticalstructure. It argues that the household contract system on the level of constitutionalorder and the abolishment of agricultural tax on the level of institutional arrangementwill initiate the innovation and reconstruction of the rural community public goodsupply system. This innovation and reconstruction should be the synergy betweenmandatory institutional creation conducted by the government via the "Top-down"function and inducible institutional innovation participated by the public. In order toprovide realistic evidences for an innovative supply system of rural community publicgoods, the second part will reveal the main problems, mechanisms, influences, and thetransition environment from two levels–the longitudinal transition locus and therealistic supply condition. Firstly, from the macro-level, we will comb the context ofchanges in Chinese supply system of rural public goods, focusing on the characteristicsand the problems emerged in the system after the reform of rural tax institution. Then,from the micro-level, we will investigate the current situation of rural community publicgood supply, and discuss some realistic problems and factors affecting them. Based onthe second part, the third section will analyze the feasibility of the systematic innovationand explore for the theoretical evidences, path choices, and implementation mechanismsfrom three levels—the decision mechanism, the financing mechanism, andtheregulatory mechanism. Firstly, the feasibility of this innovation will be analyzed and theestablishment of the public demand-expression mechanism will be put forward in orderto encourage the community dwellers to show their real preferences for public goods, sothat the joint and balance between supply and demand can be realized. Then the thesis will analyze the possibility of a creative financial system, and propose that villagesshould take the mobilization mechanism as a guarantee of implementation to motivatethe civil power to supply rural community public goods according to their differentfeatures. Finally, we will put forward and introduce a social superintendence mechaismbased on the feasibility analysis of an innovative regulatory mechanism for ruralcommunity public good supply in order to effectively supervise the process. In the lastsection, the passage will summarize the main conclusion of the research through acomprehensive demonstration from the former analysis, and make discussions onproblems worth a further study.This research explores the innovation in the supply system of rural public goods inthis New Village Construction period from the aspect of rural community, aiming atdiscussing its current condition, the feasibility of institutional innovation, and the pathchoices.It holds that in this period, the supply condition has already been improved on alarge scale, while overall, rural public goods are still insufficient; yet there is a gapbetween supply and demand in some public goods related closely to villagers’ life,which presents characteristics of inefficient supply and imbalanced structure. Thisphenomenon illustrates that after the tax reform, the "Top-down" fiscal transfer paymentcontrolled by the government and the "Down-top" self-help supply system participatedby the rural community haven’t yet reached an efficient synergy. It is necessary to stepforward and innovate in distinguished levels such as the decision mechanism, thefinancing mechanism, and the regulatory mechanism. Government should lead theprocess during the institutional innovation, and mobilize more NGOs and individuals totake part in the supply of community public goods in order to establish a"Government-oriented multi-participation" mode adapted with New VillageConstruction. The path choice of an innovative decision institution should be theorganic combination between "Top-down" and "Down-top". It is vital to set up a newdecision-making system in which the inner demands of rural community and the policies from government interact by constructing a perfect mechanism displayingpeasants’ real consumption preference for public goods. The path choice of aninnovative financing institution should be the multi-subject pattern via building anorganized mobilization mechanism to maximize the utilization of diversified powersbased on government-control. The path choice of an innovative regulatory institutionshould be the introduction of social superintendence system to enhance the use of ruralcommunity public resource and strengthen the supervision.