Marxist Theory And Practice Of Human Dignity And Exploration In China

To eliminate the defects of people’s alienation and reliance on materials in the capitalist society and realize the overall development of human’s freedom is the core concept of Marxist theory and only value pursued by the Communist in China. However, according to the previous socialist theory and practice, we only take the comprehensive development of human freedom as Marx and Engels’s ideal for the future society, rather than the practical requirement for the socialist society by the founders of Marxism. Since the party’s Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Convention, with the increased improvement of social productivity and people’s material life, how to promote the development of people’s spiritual life and enhance their political rights is becoming a common focus among the party and the government. Especially through the "people-oriented" concept proposed by the party and "make people live with dignity" advocated by the government, we can say our Party and state’s awareness of developing people has been increased to a new high level. The issue of "To live with dignity" just follows the trend and shows us the valuable orientation to increase personal happiness index and create the harmonious society. After the Eighteenth Convention of People’s Congress, the Central Committee of CPC with Xi Jinping as the core proposed the "Chinese Dream" to reach the national prosperity and rejuvenation and fulfill the happiness of the people, all of which are closely related to the dignity of the masses.It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to study the historical progress, important events and future orientation of the Marxism’s theory of "To live with dignity" in the process of China’s practice and exploration. In the current society of China, either the human’s development or social progress must be based on our advocacy and the pursuit of the idea "To live with dignity". Marx scientifically revealed the objective law of the human society’s development and pointed out that the comprehensive development of human freedom was not only an important principle of socialism, but also the value of socialism construction. An important premise based on the comprehensive development of human freedom is the maintenance and realization of human’s dignity. This article briefly summarizes the formation of the Marx’s theory of human’s dignity, scientifically reveals the basic essence of the human’s dignity, and systematically studies the practice and exploration of this theory in China.Scientifically speaking, Marx’s theory of human dignity has three main orientations: namely the historical orientation, the class orientation and individual orientation. From the historical dimension, Marx holds that human dignity is specific and historical, which guarantees the happiness of people’s life, the survival and development rights, and there is no so-called eternal dignity beyond time and space; from the class dimension, dignity only belongs to the dominant class at certain time, only by arousing the consciousness of class, carrying out political emancipation and the freedom of the mind, can we obtain the dignity and status of people; from the individual dimension, group’s consciousness lies in the awakening the consciousness of individuals, since individual awakening is the basic elements of human dignity, moreover, the comprehensive development of human freedom and creativity is the basic value of human dignity.On the basis of reveal the scientific essence of the Marxist doctrine of human’s dignity theory, this article systematically combs and generalizes the practice and exploration of the human’s dignity in China in terms of the three historical stages in reformation, construction and revolution. The purpose of our Party led the people for revolution is to overthrow the old system of exploitation, granting the common people their power, and maintaining their dignity. At the initial period of new China to establish the basic socialism system, which implicates people’s social status has been changed, and their enthusiasm to create history has been increased to an unprecedented level. But under the influence of "left" thought, in the course of the "anti rightist" campaign, the "great leap forward" movement, the movement of people’s commune, especially in the "Cultural Revolution", we implemented the equalitarianism and exaggerated the effects of human will. In terms of developing democracy and protecting human rights, we also committed a serious mistake so that the human dignity could not be maintained efficiently. In the new period of reform and opening up, the Party led the people to blaze the trails of establishing the Chinese socialism, under the guidance of Contemporary Marxism in China--socialist theory with Chinese characteristics, we adhere to the basic system of socialism, keep on developing the socialist market-oriented economy, build up the socialist democracy, develop advanced socialist culture, form a harmonious socialist society, promote the socialist ecological civilization, further emancipate and develop the productive forces, promote comprehensive coordinated development and comprehensive development of human freedom, let the Marx’s human dignity theory gradually move to a rational and mature stage.The development of Marx’s human dignity theory in China, has not only made remarkable achievements in the practice, but also made important theoretical results. These theories are just scientific summary of implementing the human’s dignity in the different historic periods and historic combination of Marxism and China’s reality such as the Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and "Three Represents" important thought and Scientific Outlook on Development about human dignity theory. Mao Zedong led the people to obtain the great victory of the new democratic revolution and socialist construction, so people could get comprehensive dignity. He also attached great importance to farmers’dignity and emphasized the full role of intellectuals; Deng Xiaoping claimed that we should promote the market economy to safeguard the people’s overall development, at the same time we should respect knowledge and talents. According to the thought of "Three Representatives", it is clear that development is the first task for the ruling party, the comprehensive development of society and people should be emphasized; the theory of Scientific Outlook on Development stressed the "people-oriented" concept is just for safeguarding the human dignity, construction of the harmonious society is for developing the people dignity, creation of the harmonious culture is to maintain human dignity, the perfection of social system is to protect human dignity. All of these important thoughts surely bring the Marx’s human dignity theory to a new stage.By studying the practice and exploration of Marx’s human dignity theory in China and summarizing its historical experience, theoretical achievements and practical results, we can further promote the Marx doctrine of human dignity theory in China. This requires us to study new situations, solve new problems, put forward new measures and accumulate new experience in front of new situations. Among all of the restricting factors of human dignity, how to improve population’s quality, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, bridge the gap between rich and poor, resolve the problem of aging society, is becoming more prominent problems, which already constitute the basic conditions for fulfilling the human dignity. In order to further promote the development of Marx’s human dignity theory in China, we should solve the above-mentioned problems. Meanwhile we must continue to adhere to the socialist road, develop our theoretical framework of building up socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strengthen our confidence in its direction, theory and system, which is the basic realization and guidance to promote Marx’s human dignity theory connected with the Contemporary Chinese situation.