Education Reform And Social Transformation

In modern times, the academic commercial education of Shanghai was most developed in China, which made great achievements, and brought indelible positive impact. For some reasons, which is deficient in China. So, by the research perspective of education activity history, this thesis mainly studies the academic commercial education of Shanghai, including National Shanghai business school, Business School of JiNan University, F.T.U. School of Commerce, Department of Commerce of the University of Shanghai, Management School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, to restore the true picture of education activity history of academic commercial education of Shanghai, and to summarize some rules. It is hoped that the dissertation would deepen our understanding of academic commercial education and provide some useful implications.This dissertation investigated the background and the funding the Chinese academic commercial education at first, and summarized the conditions for the development of the academic commercial education of Shanghai. After the Opium War, suffering aggression from imperialism and modernizing transformation of business and industry system, the limitation of the apprentice system appeared. The western academic commercial education was introduced in China, and became an important component of higher education. It developed to the peak in1937. Shanghai, as the industrial and commercial center, the foreign trade center, the financial center, and the academic culture center, promoted the rapid rise of the academic commercial education. Most universities of Shanghai developed on the basis of its business school.The research of the education activity history of business schools in Shanghai is the main point of the dissertation. Rounding the activities of man, this paper tried to explore the of the characteristics and influence of Shanghai business education activity by focusing on the research of various types of school-running behaviors, the principal’s daily management activity, the school daily teaching activity, the teacher daily living situation, and the student daily learning life, etc. Because of the differences of running subject, it was very complicated in the important transforming period of China during1920s’and1930s’. In the national business education:the education activities of Guo Bingwen and southeast local elites not only promoted the development of business college of the National Southeast University, but also brought troubles as party polities, concept conflict and personnel entanglement mingled with each other, which led to the decline of it. Because of the support of the governments, the business School of JiNan University whose aim is to educate overseas Chinese students through several crisis. However, the School administrators had to reduce their numbers to control the overseas Chinese’political enthusiasm, whose were by at last. Depending on its special competent units, the training target, and full funding, Management School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University kept his uniqueness for a long time. In the private business education:Because of the funds of restriction, F.T.U. conformed to the demand of the business circles, and established the earliest business School in Shanghai. By the influence of the school spirit, the school students with the spirit of independent and struggle. In the Christian university business education:it was like F.T.U. that the university of Shanghai also lacked funds, it had two paths, and patterns in academic commercial education, one was full-time like the Commercial School in the Shanghai University, the other one was Part-time like its Downtown Commerereial School.In ChapterⅣ, based upon a comparative analysis of business education activities of National Shanghai Business School and F.T.U. School of Commerce in the period of Nanjing KMT Government, the dissertation further presented and summarized the different characteristics of national business colleges and private business colleges. The business education activities of National Shanghai Business School were seriously impacted by continued turbulence of the student movement in National Central University, which was caused by the taking-over and management of Nanjing KMT Government. The president and Professors resigned. Students’agitation rose. National Shanghai Business School separated from National Central University at last. Pei Fuheng, the new President appointed by KMT, largely controlled the school. On the one hand, the school made rapid development, on the other hand, Students’activities are strictly controlled by disciplining management and paramilitary Management. Mainly depending on the student tuition to the survival, Fudan University enrolled students in large numbers, including many business students in1930s. It damaged the reputation of the school. In the meantime, The Fudan University almost was cancelled when it tried to get rid of the management and control of Nanjing KMT Government. Unfortunately, F.T.U. School of Commerce severely weakened. In short, the activities of Shanghai academic business education were much more complex in the social transition.In Chapter V, Further presented and summarized the characteristics of Shanghai business teachers and students. By anglicizing the Shanghai business teachers and students’structural characteristics, appearing their teaching and learning scenes of activities, restoring their academic and extracurricular scenes of activities, giving an example of the activities of S.Y. Hsueh and students of F.T.U. School of Commerce in the Cooperative Movement in the1920s, the dissertation vivid painted the Shanghai business teachers and students’images which had been buried in the great torrent of history. In The Epilogue, the dissertation analyzed achievements and weaknesses of academic business education activities in Modern Shanghai.