Research On Activities Of Students’Organizations In Peking University In The Period Of Republic Of China

The activities of student organizations are part of students’ activities, most researchers paid much attention to students’ movements. It’s not enough to only study the students’ movements although they were active and they had far-reaching influence to Chinese modern society. Not only the theory of management of higher education, especially students’ management of higher education, curriculum and teaching of higher education, college students’ mental health and civil society will be enriched, and the understanding of complex diversity of the society at the time can be enhanced, but also some historical basis can be provided to higher education reform in the course of transformation of quantity expansion and quality improvement, and some references can be provided to nowadays student management, especially to the management of student organizations.The research object is Peking University student organizations, which were made up of Peking University students who were at school then mainly and on their own, and which were nonprofit. The activities of Peking University student organizations are the ones that were done in the name of organizations, but not a single person. The upper limit of the time studied in this research is January,1912, on which the Republic of China was founded, and the lower limit studied in this research is January,1949, on which Beiping was liberated peacefully, which includes Peking University, Southwest Union University and Beiping college of Peking University. Using sociology of organization theory with the theory of narrative history and the theory of micro-history, the historical picture of Peking University student organization activities is reproduced by studying their development history, organization structure and their activities. The characters and special laws of Peking University student organization activities are probed into in the context of domestic strife and foreign aggression, a new angle was provided to the understanding of social complex diversity in the period of the Republic of China.In the preface, starting from problems’ raising, research value is interpreted, situation of study at home and abroad is retrospect and commented on, theoretical basis is introduced, research purposes are explained, research thinking is made clear, and research methods are accounted for, too.In Chapter One,"Historical Background and their Development Track of Emerging of Peking University Student Organization Activities", historical background is analyzed from the three sides of social trends of thought, outstanding events and key persons. Their historical development track at different stages is presented clearly from the stages of their origin, their bud and their gradual development.In Chapter Two,"Target, Methods and General Situation of Peking University Student Organization Activities", target of Peking University student organization activities is analyzed from the perspectives of organizations and the themes of their activities. The four ways of their activities that they are giving a lecture, having a meeting, editing and publishing and practice activities and their general situation are reproduced by giving lots of specific examples.In Chapter Three,"Organization Structure, Organization Process and Organization Leadership of Peking University Student Organization Activities", organization structure, organization process and organization leadership of Peking University student organization activities are collected and analyzed by using the theory of organizational sociology. The basic structures that are linear, functional and some linear functional were used widely then, which was given rise to because of their small scale and single function. Their organization process includes communication, decision-making and leadership, essay methods that are announcement, notice, messages on publications and notice boards and letters and oral form that are oral notice and face-to-face interflow were adopted in the course of communication. Strong democracy and flexibility are found in the course of their organization management. Most decisions were done by having general assembly or staff meeting. This is why there were not any key persons and outstanding leaders.In Chapter Four,"the Subject and Contents of Peking University Student Organization Activities", the influence whether students took part in student organization activities, which was made by external environment, individual personality was analyzed from the three sides of psychological field, personality traits and level of involvement of activity subjects who took part in student organization activities. One’s behaviors are result of psychological field that one is in, which includes one’s needs, subconsciousness, faith, targets and memory, political, economic events and social activities, too. Student organization activities of Peking University were supported by the leaders, the teachers and the workers in Peking University by analyzing data. Particular case of student organization activities of Peking University is reproduced really by giving much historical data.In Chapter Five,"The Roles and Effects of Peking University Student Organization Activities", they were analyzed from the following five sides:protecting the benefit of the Chinese nation, promoting social democracy and progress, changing the atmosphere of Peking University, enriching the cultural life of the school yard and training all kinds of talents.In epilogue, the traits and special laws of Peking University student organization activities are analyzed and summarized, which are the following five points. The ideals, faith and world outlooks in the personality traits of the members of Peking University student organizations had more effects on their behaviors of taking part in the activities of student organizations from undergraduates’ personality traits that affected their behaviors of taking part in student organizations activities; More democracy in the activities from the organizational behaviors of the student organizations; Not only a lot of their own work but also many additional tasks were done from the specific activities done by Peking University student organizations; Much complexity was in them from the backgrounds, the themes of the activities of the student organizations and the subjects of Peking University student organizations; They had stronger patriotic nature from the quality of Peking University student organizations. The relatives between students’movement and students’activities, the relatives between the development of student organizations activities, one’s demand and social need and the relatives between "social standard","personal standard" and times background are reflected, student’s movement aren’t normal states, individual demand is the enhancement drive that student organizations come into being and develop and that students take part in, and times calling for is their external factors. At the same time,"social standard","personal standard" and the connection between them are affected and restricted not only by social patterns and cultural condition but also by social background.