Land · Equity · Emotional: Modern North China Rural Land Ownership Practices

Land resource has been the key foundation and lifeblood for farmers all the time. In China, whose majority people living on agriculture, the land is especially important. The problem of rural land, especially the land ownership issues can’t be ignored for researching the rural economy and social development issues. As the key partof "three rural issues", the "three rural issues" can not be solved out with neglecting the right understanding of curent Chinese rural land ownership. Until now, the rural land ownership is still problematic and to be solved, and the academia owns varies and diverse perspectives for land tenure reform. In this situation, the reform and improvement of agricultural land property ownership and farmers system propose the important theoretical value and practical significance for increasing farmers’ income, maintaining rural social stability, and promoting the modernization.In the modern China village, the land ownership logic contains three stratification levels:national land ownership logic, farmer’s land ownership practice, and the emotion and the point of view of farmers to the land. These three levels affect the trend of Chinese land ownership together. In this paper, the first part discusses the land ownership transformation history in village after the new China, and the second part focuses on the stories that related to the land ownership changes between villages and farmers, such as, the home land practice of farmers, the land contacts behaviors between farmers, the promotion of national constructional drafting land, and so on.More than sixty years, the continuous adjustment of China’s rural land ownership, which reflects the changes in the relationship between farmers and the country. It can be said that, the Communist Party of China constantly balance the relationship between farmers, state power and the modernization construction through adjusting the land policy, and then to promote the construction of the China. In addition, the transition of the land ownership during the second half of the20th Century in northern villages is not the simple copy of the village under the country provisions. According to agricultural land ownership changes of the state, the peasants make a variety of different reactions and responses by their daily wisdom and life skills, and each exploration reflects the fact that the peasants understand their own rights and interests. To engage in researching the land ownership, the farmers’ awareness and emotion of the land ownership can’t be bypassed. The rational and effective way to arrange the land ownership should consider farmers’ emotional acceptance and interests.Rural land ownership huge changes practice during the Chineseconstruction period shows that the management of rural land ownership will affect the labor enthusiasm of the millions farmers and decrease the productivity of rural development, and has a direct relation with the success of the Chinese socialist road. More than60years, all the previous carried out land system reform and adjustment have a different influence on agricultural production and rural economy, among that, there are successful experiences and hard lessons. The transition history of Chinese land ownership system shows that the existing forms of land ownership has deep historical and social context. Collectivization era and its corresponding institutional design have not been ended with the coming of the new age, and its influences still remain in the rural aspect and the farmers’ daily life. Investigating the change of Chinese rural land ownership needs the continuity and development views.The practice of rural development in China more than60years proves that the rural will be developed when the land ownership is clear, and the rural development will be hindered when the land ownership is vague. In current situation, based on the actual situation of land usage in China, the key problem is that under the existing system how to overcome and eliminate disparities results from the land resources uneconomic utilization, as well as the violations of the rights and interests of farmers. In other words, In order to keep the rural land ownership by farmers and the city landowned by the country, first of all, the land users should be offered the equal rights of the land property. Deepening the reform of land ownership system in our country, firstly we must make land ownership clear between farmers and collective. The policymakers should respect farmers’ land ownership awareness, split the land ownership between the state, the countryside and farmers clearly, and give farmers the share of an interest in land according to local conditions and local farmers’wish. In addition, giving farmers the full land using rights would be an effective measurement under current land reform situation.