| Since the reform and opening up, the flexible mechanism SMEs obtained considerable development. With the rapid development of economic globalization and information networking, SMES made a fantestic progress in the enterprise group with its unique advantages, which promoting economic growth, expanding employment, increasing state tax revenue, accelerating scientific and technological innovation, and making important contribution to improve the comprehensive national strength. However, as the business environment is complex and changeable, market competition is increasingly fierce, customer demand is becoming more and more personalized, network economy is in vigorous development, the survival and development of SMEs in china was severely tested and threatened by the changed realistic conditions and the operating uncertainty. A large number of SMEs fell into dilemma with low growth rate and high mortality rate, and its average survival lifespan is only3-4years. This was not only restricted the national and regional technological progress and industrial upgrading, but also seriously affected our country’s comprehensive national power and the sustainable development of social economy. However, in the SME board and the GEM in2012, there were still a part of SMEs with an astonishing growth speed, whose indicators of growth are far more than the average level of growth for all companies. At the same time, they were showing strong growth momentum in the stock market. Why some SMEs can obtain continue development and growth and even achieve sustainable development? While some SMEs can make straight worse or cachexia, even make a sudden death in a short time? Why only a few enterprises can become century enterprise, while the majority of SMEs’lifespan were only few years or even died in a shorter period of time? All these questions were worth pondering deeply over. What are fundamental factors to determine the growth of SMEs on earth? How do these factors influence the growth and the development of enterprise? Around these problems, over the years, the academic circles have given "theory jungle" and a large number of empirical studies to discuss and to explain. Different scholars studied them in different angle, such as enterprise resource, enterprise life cycle, enterprise innovation, enterprise core competitiveness, but most of them ignore the corporate healthy culture gene is the most the fundamental determinants of corporate longevity. Over the years, the growth theory which regarding enterprise as life body has always been there. Scholars using genetic theory to study enterprise have gradually increased along with the development of life science, but the mystery of the growth of enterprise was still not be unlocked yet. One of the most important reasons is the enterprises "human life’s character" was neglect. That is to say, people ignored the spread and change of corporate culture as the main logic line when they studied the growth of enterprises..Culture was the gene of the enterprise life, and gene’s features and combination state decided the enterprise’s scale, efficiency, life state and life cycle. In this context, this paper studied from the bionics perspective, based on the theory of corporate culture theory and enterprise gene theory, analyzed the SMEs’culture genetic characteristics, combined with the external environment, tried to find the basic culture gene which affects the survival and development of SMEs. Then we will analyze its action mechanism, and t put out the basic strategy and suggestions to help the SMEs’survival and sustainable development.According to the above idea and its’ logical clue, this paper includes the following four aspects:Firstly, the SMEs culture gene’s connotation and structure. According to analysis of SMEs’life feature, reference from life sciences gene theory, basing on the study of predecessors, we redefined the concept of SMEs’culture gene and analyzed the characteristics of SMEs’culture gene. Combining the concept and the characteristics together, we proposed the cultural genes’imitate structure with double stranded and four based. Then we fixed position and built the innovation type structure model of SMEs’culture gene after considering the cultural genetic structure, combining with the SMEs’reality growth and qualitative analyzing the cultural gene combination function. This conceptual model is abstract model of the original imitate structure. According to this structure model, we built up the SMEs’cultural gene analysis framework which lay the foundation of the full text.Secondly, the SMEs culture gene empirical screening. We selected1041Chinese SMEs listing Corporation during2010-2012as the sample data in this article. Based on the connotation of enterprise culture, sorted out the SMEs’ culture gene index system, and used factor analysis, variance analysis, multiple comparison, analytic hierarchy process, the comprehensive comparison methods, we screened out four major cultural gene elements which includes:entrepreneurs and risk preference, enterprise values and moral, enterprise internal management and external relations, enterprise innovation consciousness and ability, those important degree decreasing one by one.Thirdly, the SMEs culture gene expression regulation. Cultural gene element carried a lot of genetic information of enterprise culture. In order to master and understand the features of enterprise life growth, it is the foundation work to analyze how the genetic information expression. Referring to biological gene expression in the "central dogma" thought, analyzing theory influence mechanism of cultural gene growth on the SMEs, we built the enterprise culture genetic central dogma conceptual model. The enterprise culture gene changed into enterprise culture codons after" self-organization conceptualization", and the culture changed into cultural gene functional module after "organization specialization", then, the cultural gene functional module promote enterprise development. This is the SMEs culture genes’"transcription" and "translation" process and the further analysis of gene expression regulation mechanism in the expression process.Fourthly, the SMEs culture gene mutation. With the help of biological gene mutation theory, we analyzed the SMEs’ culture gene mutation connotation, cause and process, and pointed out that cultural gene mutation phenomenon is due to the huge changes of external environment or internal function mechanism uncoordinated. That changed the whole enterprise spirit, enterprise behavior in order to reach a new state which adapting to environmental changes in circulation process. Through cultural gene mutation, the SMEs became more adapt to the external environment and the internal operation is more reasonable, and the new state can promote the SMEs’ growth.Based on the above analysis, we get the following three conclusions:Firstly, the enterprise culture genes are underlying determinants of the enterprise survival and longevity. We redefined the SMEs culture gene as enterprise life cycle essentially determines, which carrying a large number of enterprises original excellent culture and genetic information. Then, around the cultural gene concept, through the empirical data, we selected entrepreneur and risk preference, enterprise innovation consciousness and ability, the enterprise values and ethics, corporate internal governance and external relations as four kinds of culture elements. Analogous biological gene structure, based on deeply analysis of the enterprise culture gene interactions and functions, we first constructed the SMEs’culture gene model.Secondly, we put forward the SMEs culture gene expression concept model of the central dogma, that is the culture gene expression model:SMEs culture gene-self organization concept (gene code)-organization specialization (function modes) Analyzed how did the transcription and translation mechanism of the enterprise culture gene expression mechanism affect the SMEs survival and growth, and make clearly what is the SMEs culture gene expression mechanism and the mechanism of expression regulation.Thirdly, referring to the variability of biological gene in life science, analyzing the mechanism of the SMEs culture gene variation, summarizing the cultural genes’ positive variance is the power source to promote the growth of small and medium enterprises.Fourthly, combined with the SMEs life characteristics, optimized culture gene four bases from the culture gene perspective, detected and optimized regulation mechanism and cultural gene mutation mechanism. At the same time, put forward corresponding countermeasure of enterprise growth from the external environment.Accordingly, the innovation of this paper is the following three aspects.Firstly, it answered what is SMEs growth culture gene, redefined the SMEs culture gene system, and for the first time to construct the SMEs culture gene model. This enriched the study of corporate culture gene theory system and the research on the firm growth theory.Secondly, it screened the SMEs culture gene system by empirical methods, for the first time, decomposed the gene qualitative indexes system which is hard to quantify, and empirical screening out the constitute factors of enterprise culture construction, put up the SMEs culture gene DNA model. This extends the study scope of enterprise gene model theory, pioneered the research direction of SMEs culture gene model, and laid the foundation for enterprise culture gene further research.Thirdly, analyzed the intrinsic mechanism of cultural gene to the SMEs sustainable growth, and put forward the effective strategies for SMEs sustainable development. Pioneered a new ways based on the cultural gene perspective to study the SMEs growth. In this paper, it put forward and analyzes SMEs culture gene expression and regulation mechanism which influenced the firms’ growth on the basis of Genetic Center biology principle, analyzed the mechanism of cultural gene to the SMEs sustainable growth, and put forward the basic strategy of SMEs development. Considered the environment of SMEs survival and growth, it supported some effective sustainable development suggestions. |
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