| Grassroots civil servants are the main body of the civil service, the specific performer of the party's and the government's line, principles and policies, who provide direct public services to the masses and have the most direct and most extensive contact with the masses. Therefore, their professional ethics levels are representing the image of the government, reflecting the government's public governance capacity, and has exemplary role for other community members. Strengthening the construction of professional ethics at the grassroots level is the main way to improve the professional ethics level and standardize the professional behavior of the grassroots civil servants. The party and the government have always been attaching great importance to the construction of civil servants' professional ethics, and the construction of civil servants' professional ethics has made gratifying achievements. However, although there's a lot research in the academic circle, there are very few studies on the construction of civil servants'professional ethics. The repeated occurrence of professional ethics disorder in the Grassroots civil servants group has caused a strong reaction from the masses. Therefore,this article has carried on the research to the grassroots civil servant professional ethics construction. In the study, the questionnaire survey and the in-depth interview method were used to carry out empirical research on the construction of civil servants'professional ethics at the grassroots level. An online questionnaire survey was conducted on 2080 grassroots civil servants from more than 10 provinces in Shanxi,Shandong and Fujian etc., among which 17 grassroots civil servants were interviewed,the survey results and interview records have also been counted and analyzed. This paper summarizes the main problems in the construction of professional ethics and professional ethics at the grassroots level based on the analysis data, and puts forward the main ways to strengthen the professional ethics construction of the grassroots civil servants.This paper is divided into six parts. The introduction expounds the reason and significance of the study of the choice of professional ethics construction of grassroots civil servants, summarizes the main achievements and the research space of the research on this topic, illustrates the research ideas and research methods, and analyzes the difficulties and innovation in the study. The first chapter gives an overview of the professional ethics construction of civil servants at the grassroots level. This chapter is divided into three sections, which define and explain the meaning, content,characteristics and functions of the civil servants' scope, characteristics and civil servants' professional ethics, and analyze the significance of strengthening the construction of civil servants' professional ethics. "Civil Service Law" defines the civil servants as "staff who performs public duties complying with the law, and was brought into the national administrative system, whose wages and welfare be borne by the national finance."As the grassroots civil servants still do not have a unified, authoritative definition,in this article grassroots civil servants are defined as the leading role of sections in county (city, district), township (town, street) level and level below. The characteristics of the grassroots civil servants are: the team group has a large, extensive, work tasks with directness, complexity, heavy nature, identity multiplicity. Civil servant professional ethics is the ethical norms and ethical standards for civil servants when they conducting professional activities, and the "Opinion on promotion of civil servants professional ethics construction project" jointly issued by the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the State Civil Service Bureau in July 2016 stipulates that the core content of civil servants professional ethics is "firm belief, loyal to the country, serving the people, fulfill their duties, acting by law, fair and honest". Civil servant professional ethics possess features of political, binding, demonstrative and specific, and it has three basic functions:binding function, that is, to restrict the professional behavior of civil servants; guiding function, that is, to form the correct moral orientation in the society; identification function, that is, to promote public recognition of the government. Strengthening the construction of professional ethics at the grassroots level is conducive to consolidating the ruling position of the party,strengthening the construction of a clean government,promoting the construction of service-oriented government, deepening the political system reform, improving the moral level of society as a whole, and promoting the healthy development of society.The second chapter explains the ideological basis of the construction of civil servants' professional ethics. On one hand, it introduces the contents of the traditional official ethics in China, including the author of virtue, the loyalty to the country, the people-oriented, the honest and diligent, self-cultivation, and carried out the objective evaluation, analyzed its limitations and realistic value to today's Professional Ethics Construction of grassroots civil servants. On the other hand, it summarizes the main points of the state leaders' exposition on the construction of civil servants' professional ethics. Mao Zedong's thought on the construction of civil servants' professional ethics is to serve the people wholeheartedly, attach great importance to cadre education, adhere to close contact with the masses, constantly improve the party spirit and persist in taking the socialist road. Deng Xiaoping's thought is mainly to strengthen the ideal and moral education, the selection of cadres should be "have both ability and political integrity",through discipline and legal education to enhance the professional ethics of the binding force, through construction of supervision system to restrict the civil servant' s thinking and behavior. Jiang Zemin's thought is mainly to rule by virtue, to strengthen supervision through institutional improvement, "talk about learning, talk about politics,righteousness.” Hu Jintao's thought is mainly "people-oriented, ruling for the people""for the people, pragmatic, incorruption", "Eight Honors and Eight Disgraces", "adhere to both ability and political integrity, political integrity as the first standard of employment." Xi Jinping's thought is mainly focused on cadre education and learning,adhere to the "zero tolerance" attitude to punish corruption, imprison the power in the cage of system, maintain the style construction, build a moral line of defense, good cadres of the five standards.opening-up and prior to the introduction of Civil Service Law; since the implementation of Civil Servants Law. Second, it summarizes the major achievements of civil servants' professional ethics construction. From the aspects of civil servant group, their awareness towards the importance of professional ethics, discipline, legal awareness, service awareness have been significantly enhanced. From the system level,the major achievement is the development of civil servants professional ethics construction of the relevant laws and regulations, and the establishment of the civil service examination system and supervision mechanism. Third, the questionnaire survey conducted in this paper is analyzed. The overall situation of grassroots civil servants'professional ethics is between the general and the better. The grassroots civil servants are in contact with the masses frequently and have less leadership positions. Fourth, it analyze the five most prominent problems, which are the ideal beliefs of the grassroots civil servants' professional ethics are shaken, the lack of responsibility consciousness,the weak concept of serving the people, the low quality of rule of the law, slack of spiritual will, based on the data of the questionnaire survey. Fifth, it illustrates five major problems existed in the grassroots civil servants' professional ethics construction,namely, assessment and evaluation mechanism is imperfect, education and training work is not in place, professional ethics is not perfect, the supervision system to has a limited role, the publicity and guidance is insufficient.The fourth chapter draws lessons from the overseas experience of civil servants'professional ethics construction. The basic content and requirements of foreign civil service professional ethics are mainly loyal to the Constitution and the state, fulfill their duties, honesty and integrity, and have a well-behaved and focused institutional development, keep the supervision of social participation, and constantly improve the administrative efficiency, with the help of market economy regulation, adhere to expand the cultural impact, focus on innovation and training of the characteristics of standardized training. Three points of successful experience from overseas civil servants' professional ethics construction have been summarized to complete the civil service professional ethics construction in China, which are attach great importance to civil service vocational training, the implementation of internal and external joint supervision system. Through the analysis of the relevant situation of overseas civil servants 'professional ethics construction, we have obtained five enlightenments, which are perfecting the professional ethics of grassroots civil servants, improving the effectiveness of grassroots civil servants' professional ethics education, improving the professional ethics supervision system at the grassroots level, promoting the service-oriented relationship between the government and the public, raising self -discipline awareness of grassroots civil servants.Chapter 5 puts forward the route to perfect the construction of professional ethics of grassroots civil servants. On the basis of summing up the ideology of civil servants'professional ethics construction from our leads ' thoughts, absorbing the essence from our traditional virtues, and combining with the experience of the typical Western countries, this paper analyzes the practical problems of the professional ethics of the grassroots civil servants, and analyzes the main problems of the civil servants', the paper puts forward seven ways to perfect the construction of professional ethics of grassroots civil servants. First, attach great importance to the construction of civil servants at the grassroots level, to improve the leading cadres' awareness level regarding the professional ethics construction for grassroots civil servants; in the meantime, it is crucial to improve the professional ethics of leading cadres. Second, the establishment of scientific grassroots civil servants professional ethics examination & evaluation system, to establish the correct examination & evaluation concepts, focusing on evaluation methods and the setting of index, the key point shall be focused on strengthening the examination in employment, under inspection, selection of employment ethics in the evaluation, and improve the matching incentives disciplinary mechanism. Third, the perfecting, implementing of the grassroots civil servants 'professional ethics; it is not only important to perfect the grassroots civil servants 'daily performance, but also important to formulate effective grassroots civil servant management system. Fourth, to improve the educational effectiveness of grassroots civil service professional ethics, it needs to set realistic goals, improve the educational content, innovative education methods, strengthen the teachers, and improve the construction of relevant systems. Fifth, to complete the grassroots civil service professional ethics supervision system, it needs to set up full-time supervision institutions, to establish a supervision staff team, to improve the masses' supervision awareness, to enhance the supervising function of the news media, and further improve the system of government affairs transparent to public. Sixth, to strengthen publicity and guidance for grassroots civil servants professional ethics, we shall make the best use of media, establish advanced role models, and constantly optimize the publicity and education products. Seventh, to improve grassroots civil servants' professional ethics training, the grassroots civil servants shall improve, cultivate, exercise, strengthen and develop their own professional ethics. |
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