Basic Concepts Of Sport Governance

In recent years,match-fixing,doping,corruption scandals and other social problems in the sport worldwide intensified,not only undermined the positive values inherent in sport itself,but also destroy the foundation of the sport.Which cause harm to sport organizations and it's autonomous legitimacy and justification.Sport Governance is the using of governance theory in the field of sport.Democracy,transparency,accountability,checks and balances,and other effective concept of good governance principles,is regarded as the key actors at all levels of sport governance remodeling trust and authority.Takes concept of sport governance as the starting point,the system reviews of the sport governance principles and framework.The third part is the main content of this study,including the chapter?to chapter?.In this section,this research has done a systematic arrangement of the worldwide sport management elements,guidelines,guides departure.Then analysis these normative consensus text conducted to explore the combination of domestic and international sport emerged governance issues and practices.Summed up the four core concept of sport governance:(a)Effective autonomy of sport under the rule of law;(b)Competitive elitism in sport democratic decision-making;(c)Corporation governance of sport governmental/non-governmental sector;(d)Ethic re-enchantment and values remodeling of sport leader.Specific studies and interpretation as follows:Chapter?is effective autonomy of sport governance under the rule of law in a systematic interpretation.With the excessive commercialization of sport,sport scandal emerged increasingly,sport officials crime has become a global problem,and resulting the discussion of sport autonomy legitimacy.As globalization and sport rules endorsement authority,autonomy is the foundation of global sport governance system.if sector can not respond to social expectations and international,sport organizations will face the danger of being deprived of their profession autonomy.Crisis of legitimacy of sport autonomy,mainly in internal legitimacy and external legitimacy.Some international sport federations due to governance failures,and will lead to a serious crisis of legitimacy,which could cause global sport governance disorder.This topic realized that threatened in the legitimacy of the international sport governance actors to take action to promote self-legitimization of sport sector,including the introduction of governance reform agenda,action to strengthen partnerships with political actors,cooperation with international organizations and other stakeholder,but these efforts have not fully compensate for its legitimacy gap.as the solution to the crisis,Legalization of sport autonomy was the "first choice".Among them,legal paternalism is the most powerful school,they think from corruption/match-fixing to stimulant abuse,sport organizations can not solved those problem inside,only to let the legal aspects involved in the field of sport,crisis can be completely eradicated.soft law researchers have to resist the invasion of commercial law or justice that govern sport as a public affairs governance have malpractice and disadvantage.Soft law constraints can help good governance of sport governing body in international practice,public policy,trade association rules,self-regulatory,professional standards,and others.Lex Sportiva scholars have greater ambitions that create a new profession sport law.Autonomy absolute sense to induce a series of social risk,therefore,there must be limit autonomy.But sport affair has its own specificity,while the industry autonomy and integrity is to ensure that the special nature of sport.sport as a key to stable development of the culture of all mankind to promote the recommended autonomy and its rule,insisting self-discipline to find a balance between law.Lex Sportiva attempt after peeling sport criminal,civil crime,specially adapted for sport affairs of the legal system in the field of sport,to promote the modernization of sport governance in the context of the maintenance and the special nature of sport.Chapter?discusses the elite democracy and its implementation in sport.sport democracy only covers the scope of the elite group,and only open part of the reference channel or governance rights.International sport organizations around the world on behalf of the members who sport participants to sport autonomy,but they did not have any form of contract or empowerment ceremony in fact.Based on elite authoritarianism,most international sport organizations to the entire membership of the standing committee or depute committee as the highest authority,vote for a majority representation to the highest decision-making.Such as the election of a new leader,identified by elite democracy tournament host cities and other major events have election and voting.but Committee Centralism still plays a mainly role in decision making.especially in routine decision-making,the Chairman,Vice-Chairman,the Secretary-General and other member as the core of the Executive Committee have too much centralized power,ordinary member or members to participate in the decision-making insufficient.reverse representation is regarded as best practice in sport elite democracy.Participation in decision-making as the core sport elite democracy,divided mainly by the Professional Committee,and an internal consultative vote realization.Decision by representatives of continents,countries,national population and determine the number of members and other standards,voting and other mainly-vote system,re-vote system in two ways.New Right criticized the international sport governance changes in the trend that brought democracy mediocre evil,so that sport officials have charisma from the charisma into the pursuit of political interests.competitive elitism questioned the lack of participation in sport governance,called for strong democracy in the committee,emphasizing sport organizations should be given more decision-making stakeholder participation in high-level selection and exit mechanism,etc.smooth.Diversity of sport organizations and decision-making governance staff made up,and avoid any form of discrimination,also sport organization democratization requirements.The ultimate goal is to achieve democratization sport community solidarity.Achieve unity of sport,we need to go beyond political differences,beyond cultural conflicts,the formation of mutual tolerance,mutual respect and mutual understanding of the ways of doing things,against any race,nationality,religion,age,gender,sexual orientation,disability,political views and other aspects related to the discrimination,and to recommend the formation of the world's citizens to respect the personality and values in the field of sport,the new global civil society provides a model in sport governance.Chapter V discusses the transparency and accountability of sport organizations is how to help stakeholders achieve balance and promote the effectiveness of the organization itself.Achieving full accountability decisive prerequisite for transparency,most sport organizations there are different degrees of "secret operations",mainly for lack of governance,policy design,operational procedures and financial situation and other information disclosed.Especially in the use of funds of information disclosure deficiencies,it is the source of systemic corruption.Policies and regulations of sport organizations and departments,financial status,daily functioning,and so should enhance the transparency of the distribution of benefits,including the treatment of organizational leaders,remuneration and controllable financial disclosure and financial independence of the Audit Committee.Stakeholders have the right to know the specific circumstances of revenue and expenditure,development strategy and organizational structure to determine the development of the sport organizations in line with the interests of all,rather than a leader of the interests of certain small groups.sport governance actors are directly responsible for creating a culture of transparency,the decision-makers must create and ensure transparency of rules and policies,implementation and operational level should be to implement all of the daily work.Through transparent operation of sport organizations to open their own values and policies to the public,members and stakeholders,which will not only enhance the reputation of sport organizations,but also to curb high-level corruption occur.In order to achieve effective accountability,the sport organizations should clear definition the power of governance,and other departments are responsible,whose position must permissions.Regulatory mechanisms of accountability systems to oversee the organization needs leaders,members and operations personnel to perform their duties.Accountability system implementation,should strengthen the role of independent audit,to crack down on misleading conduct the audit;enhance the status and authority of independent directors,allowing it to assess the performance of governance and decision-making;the introduction of external oversight mechanisms,and other non-profit organizations,accounting firms or law firms.Zero-tolerance attitude towards corruption has a strong deterrent effect,and to strengthen anti-bribery self-discipline is also very critical,corruption and other illegal activities could be considered independent discretion waive sport organizations,conducted by outside agencies.Checks and balances helps stakeholders to achieve accountability in sport,"whistle system" is a key responsibility of international sport organizations control mechanism,risk prevention mechanism,and has played an important role in sport governance.sport organizations must respond to strong internal resistance and external responsiveness construction,timely investigation and formally respond to questions and demands raised by stakeholders,to achieve the overall image of the organization and maintenance of public relations.Athletes,the female population,natural environment protection and other vulnerable stakeholders,good governance is one of the results reached the desired accountability.Although sport corporate governance similarly as the Govern-mentality,but its effectively to enhance the effectiveness of the sport organization provides a new idea.Chapter VI discusses ethical sport governance actors re-enchantment problem.In the sense of social governance,rule of law,the right to rule and Virtue three options.as part of the social sport governance field,applies not only to corporate governance models and mechanisms,including the contents of the moral level.Especially those with a mystery,closeness and independence of sport organizations concerned,success is very dependent on the members' personal character and qualities.Lack of professional ethics of sport organizations,sport organizations is the problem of the current leaders must face.Politicians rediscover the spirit of entrepreneurship,philanthropist and spiritual leader of sportsmanship helps sport ethics enchantment.Politicians spiritual leader stressed that sport should be a deep understanding of public affairs sport logic operation at the international level,the entrepreneurial spirit will help sport organizations to maintain a good operation,philanthropist spiritual care exists aim of nonprofit sport organization,sportsmanship through the above-mentioned Three Spirits and provides an excellent temperament for sport leaders and sport officials.From a moral perspective of contract theory to explain the moral values or sport governance.sport Governance Ethics core essence,is to improve the spirit of sport from disenchantment to enchantment,which is spiraling.Psychological Contract members,directors and sport organizations;heart contract public officials and sport administrative departments.In addition to individual endowments outside ethics planning mechanism could also help train sport leaders and members of the virtues and values.sport organization leaders and officials should adhere to professional ethics and ethics in order to "global citizenship" status to deal with global or international sport issues.