On Study Ofthe British Qualifications Framework Of "Unification Of General And Vocational Education"

Since the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization（UNESCO）put forward the lifelong education in 1960s,the whole world has come to realize its significance and put it into practice as an important part of national development and personal life.The establishment of the national qualification certificate framework system is recognized as the most effective way for the implementation of lifelong education by the international community.China as the great education nation also need to take an effective way to respond positively to the lifelong education and lifelong learning,but the current system of China has not yet established a complete and unified national qualifications framework.The current vocational qualification system has many drawbacks and the construction of modern vocational education system with the core elements of"production,education,integration,general duty,accommodation and lifelong learning"is also a huge obstacle,urgent need to learn from the experience of the international advanced occupation education reform.A review of current trends in world educational reform,Britain is the earliest country to establish a national qualifications framework as an opportunity to promote the occupation education reform,take the lead in promoting occupation education and general education certificate integration,provides a wide space for lifelong education and lifelong learning.The establishment of the British qualifications framework of“unification of general and vocational education”,not only has it promoted the integration process of the European qualification certificate framework system,but also become an important reference for the construction of the qualification certification framework system in various countries and regions in the world.What is the background of it?How about its management system,construction path,content and operation mechanism?What is the role and value of it in the construction of international and domestic modern vocational education reform,especially in the framework of qualification certificate system?What is its significance for establishing the national vocational qualification certificate system in China?Based on the perspective of global educational reform,this paper makes a systematic analysis and a deep analysis of it by means of literature analysis,case study and comparative study.First of all,let’s review the era of the British qualification framework of“unification of general and vocational education”.From the 18^th century to early 20^th century,the British Empire was the most powerful country in the world.However,by the second half of 20^th century,the British Empire dissolved.In 1980s,Mrs.Thatcher,during her administration,vigorously promoted the reform so as to revive the Empire’s glory.The Thatcher government established the unified vocational qualification framework among the Commonwealth Nations by vigorously implementing the national vocational qualifications（NVQs）.Then,successive governments were committed to exploring and promoting the integration of education qualifications and occupation qualifications,namely the unification of general and vocational education.They also fostered the comparison,integration and connection of all kinds of education/qualifications.In this way,they aimed to fully implement lifelong education and further enhance the international competitiveness of education.Its development is roughly divided into three stages:germination stage（1986-1999）,formation period（2000-2007）and mature period（2008-）.The British external qualification“unification of general and vocational education”had a unique theoretical origin.The lifelong education and inclusive education theory are the core theory source,new occupation theory is the direct theoretical source and the theory of multiple intelligences is the selection of the path theory in this system.Of course,it is also influenced by structuralism and deconstructionism and so on.Secondly,let’s review the construction path of the British qualification framework of“unification of general and vocational education”.From the beginning of the reform to today,the British qualification framework mainly adopts three grade management mode.The federal government,the state management agencies and certification bodies take part in the joint management of British qualification framework.Three levels of management system have been formed and provide a strong organizational guarantee and resource guarantee for construction qualification certificate frame department.The design and construction of qualification certificate framework is a systematic and complex project.The British government has first established the two main objectives of promoting lifelong learning and the quality assurance recognition.It takes into account the content,borders,management and other elements of the framework and also describes the certificate hierarchy and hierarchy as the core technical elements of the framework system.The British government through the standard qualification standards,certification agency standards,appraisal process standard to ensure quality qualification certificate.It has constructed a NQF framework with unique British characteristics.After introducing the concept of credit management,the British government has developed into a QCF framework.Thirdly,let’s review the content and mechanism of the British qualification framework of“unification of general and vocational education”.NQF,established in2000,includes a wide range of external qualifications,including general secondary education,vocational education and training,and the framework for entry level and level 1-5.In 2004,the British government taken the higher education qualification certificates into the framework,and the framework of the NQF system was revised to be adjusted to 9,the original entry level and level 1 to level 3 unchanged,original level 4 is divided into level 4,level 5 and level 6,original level 5 is divided into level 7 and level8.In 2008,the British government introduced the concept of credit accumulation in the NQF framework system and announced the establishment of QCF.The QCF framework basically follows the framework of the NQF framework,and is still divided into the 9level certificate system from the entry level and the 1-8 level.But the framework of QCF takes the two dimensions of learning quantity（credit）and degree of difficulty（rank）to show the framework more simply and clearly.The certificate type is divided into three types according to academic marks:award,certificate and diploma.These types reflect the type of certificate,the degree of difficulty,and the academic score more intuitively by names.After 2007,all the learners aged 14 and over in Britain will have their own“unique learner number".Learners in the framework to complete the qualification certificate or unit after learning,as long as the certification agency appraisal certification,it can be loaded into their personal learning record.Of course,these evaluation processes and methods are rigorous and thoughtful,including the preparation stage,login stage,implementation phase,results announcement,problem disposal and certificate issued.In addition,let’s review the implementation of the British qualification framework of“unification of general and vocational education”.In the course of its implementation,it shows very distinctive personality characteristics,including the concept and practice of general and vocational integration,the achievement oriented evaluation model and the learning achievement of lifelong records.Because of the implementation of British qualification framework,the certification bodies,its own type of certificate and certificate number have made considerable progress,so as to promote the development of English education and social development.Meanwhile,OECD,ILO,WB and EU also take an active part in this project.The world has nearly 100 countries and regions to learn from and promote the use of the British qualification framework.And such countries enrich and develop the content and form of the framework of the qualification certificate system.Finally,let’s review the inspiration for the construction of national vocational qualification certificate system in China.Although our country has implemented the system of general and vocational education qualifications for a long time,our qualification system,especially the national qualification certificate is still chaotic,such as the under-formed legislative system,the prominent“a multi-card”phenomenon and the difficult unification of general and vocational education.Therefore,we should learn the reform experience of the British qualification framework and the successful modes of other countries.We also need to study the concept of"unification of general and vocational education",implement the unified national management,popularize the application of"credit unit"and change the learning evaluation methods to gradually build up the qualification framework of"unification of general and vocational education"in China to implement the lifelong education and lifelong learning requirements better.For the"two one hundred years"goal and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream into a new inexhaustible motive force.