| Nowadays,there are two hot topics in urban development practical field,which are tourism industry and urban internationalization.In academic research field,coupling relationship research is fashionable.But the relationship between urban tourism industry and urban internationalization attracts little attention.On the other side,the research of relationship between urban tourism industry and urbanization is being in mature stage.Taking tourism urbanization research for example,foreign scholars prefer using qualitative analysis from different perspectives,while domestic scholars are keen on quantitative analysis by using different mathematical models.Related research achievements are abundant.On the contrary,the research of relationship between urban tourism industry and urban internationalization is just in initial stage,so far from being the independent hot research field.This paper puts urban tourism industry system and urban internationalization system together in the urban development research,desiring to extend related research to the relationship of two systems deeply and systematically.Relying on the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China[Research on Factor,Model and Mechanism of Coupling Development between Inbound Tourist Flow and Destination:A Case Study of Six Main Cities in China(No.41271158)],this paper focuses attention on coupling relationship and its evolution of urban tourism industry system and urban internationalization system.The analysis is based on related date of Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou three typical cities from 2001 to 2014.The research perspective is three-dimension.In order to generate more theoretical and practical value,this paper does not follow traditional research mode which is just in one perspective.It establishes a new three-dimension coupling relationship research framework,including perspectives of urban tourism industry system or urban internationalization system intra-relationship,two systems inter-relationship,and urban tourism industry-internationalization collaboration system intra-relationship.Related methods include literature research method,interdisciplinary research method,case study method,combination of qualitative and quantitative research method,questionnaire survey method,comparative analysis method and so on.According to the scientific research route that problem "detected-analyzed-solved",this paper tries to make the conclusions be more deep and systematic.Firstly,it discusses three-dimension coupling relationship of two systems.And then,related conceptual model and coupling relationship evaluation index system are established.Thirdly,it does an empirical study on the typical cities in China.Some improvement suggestions are given in the end.It is hoped that this paper could enrich the relationship research content between tourism industry and urban development,break the traditional mode of coupling relationship research which is just in one perspective,realize evolution route and characteristics of typical cities,solve practical problems of their coupling development.This paper draws some conclusions as follows:(1)The coupling relationship of urban tourism industry system and urban internationalization system is multi-level and close.First of all,movement-relation is the essential coupling relationship,which links two systems naturally.Secondly,urban tourism industry system has four specific coupling forces on urban internationalization system,such as stimulating economic industry development,promoting international flow of people,serving international communication activities,improving employment situation.On the other side,urban internationalization system has five specific coupling forces on urban tourism industry system,such as strengthening capital and project guarantee,providing talent and product support,accelerating the development of local market,lifting the level of traffic connectivity,optimizing ecological environment experience.Thirdly,all of the factors in two systems correlate to each other through numbers of complex causal chains.Two systems achieve coupling development in the form of collaboration system.(2)Tourism income,tourism market,transportation-port,culture-education,economy-trade-investment are key factors improving the coupling relationship between urban tourism industry system and urban internationalization system.At the level of indicator,there are 21 specific indicators show stronger forces on the other system.In urban tourism industry system,they are inbound tourism revenue,domestic tourism revenue,travel agency revenue,the number of inbound tourist arrivals,the number of domestic tourist arrivals,the number of residents traveling abroad organized by travel agency,grade of scenic area,the number of travel agencies,brand structure of star hotel.In urban internationalization system,they are district GDP,proportion of tertiary industry added value in GDP,total export-import volume,the number of international and national cultural heritages,the number of foreign students accepted,the number of international conferences held,per capita GDP,per capita disposable income,passenger throughput of air port,the number of international flights,convenience of visa policy,the number of port travelers.Besides,in urban tourism industry-internationalization collaboration system,tourism enterprise production,tourist's spending,financial expenditure,international communication staff except tourist are key coupling factors.(3)Generally speaking,three typical cities' tourism industry system and internationalization system coupling development was in the situation of continuous improvement from 2001 to 2014.But there were quite a lot of differences compared with each coupling evaluation value evolution between three cites.As for Beijing,evolution compared stage was stable,differences between each dimension reduced generally.Coupling relationship in urban tourism industry system was the best,followed by the coupling relationship between two systems and in collaboration system.Coupling relationship in urban internationalization system was the worst.As for Shanghai,evolution compared stage was relatively stable.Differences increased in the early time of study period,while reduced in later period.Coupling relationship in urban internationalization system was the best,followed by the coupling relationship between two systems and in collaboration system.Coupling relationship in urban tourism industry system was the worst.As for Guangzhou,evolution compared stage was relatively stable too.Coupling relationship between two systems was the best.But the differences between other coupling evaluation values reduced greatly.(4)Urban tourism industry system and urban internationalization system coupling development's evolution models were quite different between three typical cities.In urban tourism industry system,Beijing's driving force was system total value.The development level of each factor was close.Shanghai's driving force was system total value too.The compared situation between each factor was in balanced temporarily.Guangzhou's driving forces were system total value and the relationship between each factor.Tourism market was in leading situation,while tourism enterprise and employment were in lagging situation.In urban internationalization system,Beijing's driving force was system total value.Culture-education was in leading situation,while economy-trade-investment was in lagging situation.Shanghai's driving force was system total value too.Economy-trade-investment and transportation-port were in leading situation,while culture-education was in lagging situation.Guangzhou's driving forces were system total value and the relationship between each factor.Economy-leisure living and ecological environment were in leading situation.But economy-trade-investment,culture-education and transportation-port were in lagging situation.Between two systems,all the three cities' major driving force was total value of two systems.Beijing's internationalization system lagged slightly,while Shanghai's tourism industry system lagged greatly.As for Guangzhou,urban tourism industry system was catching up with the development level of urban internationalization system.In collaboration system,Beijing's driving force was total value of collaboration system.The development level of each factor was close.On the whole,Shanghai's development level of each factor was not in balance.Guangzhou was in the same situation also.But Shanghai's major driving force was total value of collaboration,while Guangzhou's driving forces included total value of collaboration and relationship between each factor.This paper attempts to make innovations in the following areas:(1)It establishes a new three-dimension coupling relationship research framework.In the perspectives of each system intra-relationship,systems inter-relationship and collaboration system intra-relationship,this paper does a comprehensive research on the coupling relationship of urban tourism industry system and urban internationalization system.(2)Based on the previous research achievements,it establishes a new evaluation index system of coupling relationship research on urban tourism industry system and urban internationalization system.According to the evaluation conclusions,this paper realized 5 factors and 21 specific indicators which have greater influence on the coupling relationship between two systems.(3)In case study filed,most of scholars prefer using qualitative analysis to discuss the relationship between urban tourism industry system and urban internationalization system.On the contrary,taking Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou for example,on the basis of quantitative evaluation conclusions,this paper reveals the coupling development level evolution of three typical cities.Also some different evolution models are summarized.(4)In order to generate more practical value,this paper improves IPA method and makes a high summary on the three-dimension research conclusions.And then it puts forward some improvement suggestions on urban tourism industry system and urban internationalization system coupling development of three typical cities. |
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