| With the rapid development of science and technology,business competition intensified,more and more companies paid attention to build a stable and efficient technology innovation ecosystem to improve the technology innovation efficiency.New energy automobile industry is the important strategic emerging industry in our country.How to optimize the enterprise technology innovation system,and improve the efficiency of China' s new energy automobile enterprise technology innovation has become the important realistic problem placed in front of the car companies and government departments.In previous studies of enterprise innovation ecosystem,the scholars,on the one hand,chose the method of ecology to explain enterprise innovation activities,on the other hand,adopted the non-ecological method to measure innovation efficiency,which was lack of consistency on the ecology sense between the two types of methods.Against the insufficient research,this article started from the perspective of innovation ecosystem,through the measurement of new energy automobile enterprises technology innovation efficiency by utilizing the concepts and methods of ecology,analyzed factors that influencing efficiency of enterprise technology innovation,and sought ways and methods of optimization of enterprise technology innovation ecosystem,which would improving the technology innovation efficiency of new energy automobile enterprises.This research can not only enrich and develop the innovation ecological theory,but also optimize enterprise technology innovation ecosystem to improving the technology innovation efficiency of China' s new energy automobile,which has important practical significance.The main contents of this paper included:(1)The analysis on the current situation of technology innovation of new energy automobile enterprises.Based on the reviewing of the development course of new energy automobile,this paper summarized the current situation of technology innovation of new energy automobile enterprises and put forward the main problems about technology innovation of new energy automobile enterprises.(2)The theoretical analysis on technology innovation efficiency of new energy automobile enterprises from ecological view.First,this paper built a double-ecological model of technology innovation of enterprise by using fractal principle and innovation ecology theory,which mechanism can be summarized as:a chain,two kinds of ecosystem and four kinds of relationships.The double-ecological model clarified the analysis routine of the enterprises technology innovation efficiency on view of innovation ecosystem,which constructed a new conceptual framework for the relevant theoretical and positive research.Secondly,using the analytical thinking of ecology efficiency for reference,technology innovation efficiency was decomposed into two parts:forward energy transfer efficiency and reward feedback efficiency.Further,by making use of the process of "ingestion-assimilation-growth-utilization",innovation efficiency was resolved into product of assimilation efficiency,growth efficiency and utilization efficiency,which formed an innovation energy cycle with six stages of end-to-end,which realized the reconstruction of technology innovation efficiency from ecological view.Finally this chapter analyzed the influencing factors of technology innovation efficiency of new energy automobile enterprises from ecological view by using double ecological model.(3)The empirical analysis on the technology innovation efficiency ecological measurement of the new energy automobile enterprises.First,this paper constructed the basic model for ecologically measuring the efficiency of technology innovation.In the choice of measurement methods,according to the complexity of energy flow conversion in the process of technology innovation,the conversion of innovation energy was divided into direct conversion and indirect conversion.The input-output ratio method was selected to measure the direct conversion process,and the effective frontier method was adopted to measure the indirect conversion process.Second,selected data of China's new energy automobile A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2016,the comprehensive measurement was carried out on the energy transfer efficiency and reward feedback efficiency by the method of multistage measurement.(4)The empirical analysis on the ecological influencing factors of technology innovation efficiency of the new energy automobile enterprises.Using the double ecological model to design the ecological influencing factors of the efficiency of technology innovation,7 models of influencing factors were built on the energy transfer efficiency,reward feedback efficiency and their multistage efficiency;selected panel data of China's new energy automobile A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2016,the regression analysis was taken,and the empirical research conclusions were drawn in the end.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The energy transfer efficiency of new energy automobile enterprises technology innovation was about 40%,and the efficiency of assimilation was the key to determine the energy transfer efficiency.The reward feedback efficiency of new energy automobile enterprises technology innovation was less than 30%,and the utilization and growth efficiency were the keys to determine the reward feedback efficiency.The gap of technology innovation efficiency difference was more and more expanded between the enterprises.(2)It was almost complementary relations between three main innovation bodies of internal ecosystem in the process of energy transfer and reward feedback.The three innovation bodies had significant effects on the reward feedback efficiency,but weak effects on the energy transfer effciency.In terms of energy transfer efficiency,the intensity of investment in R&D department and manufacturing department were still unable to play a significant role,and the intensity of investment in marketing department had a certain impact on the utilization efficiency of energy transfer;In terms of feedback efficiency,the intensity of investment in R&D department and manufacturing department had an significant effect,however,the intensity of investment in marketing department did not play a significant role.(3)When it comes to internal ecosystem's environment,incentive environment was the major factor affecting the energy transfer efficiency,especially the share incentive could play an important role on improving the energy transfer efficiency;in terms of reward feedback efficiency,the main influencing factors were incentive environment,organizational environment and financial environment,and the companies had better efficiency which were higher management compensation,higher ownership concentration,more abundant financial resources.(4)In the external technology innovation ecosystem's bodies,research institutions,competitors and consumers had significant impact to the technology innovation efficiency.In terms of energy transfer efficiency,the competitors were the main influencing factor;in terms of feedback efficiency,research institutions and consumers were the main influencing factors.However,government subsidies had not significant impact to energy transfer efficiency and reward feedback efficiency.This paper put forward the following solutions and suggestions for optimizing the internal and external innovation ecosystem of the new energy automobile enterprises:(1)The countermeasures to improve the internal innovation ecosystem include upgrading the innovation ability of internal innovation main bodies,improving the equity structure and manager incentive policies,and rationally utilizing the financial resources.(2)The countermeasures to optimize the external innovation ecosystem include dynamically adjusting enterprise's innovation ecological niche,building comprehensive R&D cooperation platform of energy automobile enterprises,and giving full play to the positive role of fiscal and tax policies such as government subsidies. |
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