Econometric Analysis Of The Causes Of Poverty In China's Rural Areas And The Effect Of Poverty Alleviation

Since the reform and opening up,Chinese economy has maintained rapid growth.At the same time,Chinese poverty alleviation and development work also got remarkable achievements.Although we got the rapid economic growth,and household income increased,in the meantime,the residents got the trend of widening income gap.Since 2000,the Gini coefficient of China already exceeded the international warning line of 0.4.In 2016,the Gini coefficient of China was 0.465 which was released by the National Bureau of Statistics.Although all Chinese provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government all have the poor people,the distribution of poverty population is relatively concentrated in the middle and western provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities),especially there are relatively more poor people in the western region.There are large differences of agricultural production conditions and natural ecological environment among different rural areas.Some rural counties which had the good agricultural production condition and natural ecological environment had moved out of poverty gradually.But on the other hand,there are large areas of poverty in the others which have the harsh agricultural production condition and natural ecological environment,meanwhile the regional poverty problems of those rural areas are most conspicuous.Since the Eighteenth Congress,the central government attached great importance to poverty alleviation and development work.Xi Jinping pointed out that we should insist on the work for taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation and overcoming poverty projects,meanwhile focus on improving the effectiveness of the poverty alleviation in 2015 in the central poverty alleviation working conference.The key point of taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation is precision.We should find out the object of the poverty alleviation,at the same time identify the precise causes of poverty and take targeted measures in poverty alleviation according to the causes of poverty.In the backdrop of the fully implementation of taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation,making the accurate identification of the reasons for Chinese rural poor families and studying the effectiveness of poverty alleviation policies,thus making the accurate support which aimed at the main poverty reason is the starting point of this paper.This paper expounds the theoretical questions of poverty,anti-poverty and taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation,the empirical analysis uses the macroscopic investigation data in Poverty Monitoring Report of Rural China(2011)and the latest China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)data.Therefore the article makes out multifaceted specific detailed analysis of the poverty causes of Chinese rural families,then we could get the following conclusions.1.The article makes the poverty rate correlation analysis for the various macro data of 592 national poverty alleviation and development of key counties based on Chinese rural poverty monitoring survey data.By the analysis,we could come to a conclusion that there is closely connection between the infrastructure construction of key poverty alleviation counties and the incidence of poverty.The main industry of key poverty counties is agricultural in our country.The ascension of pay proportion for aid-agriculture and agricultural loans ratio could resulted in the inhibition on the growth of the poverty rate.The key to poverty alleviation is improving the intelligence,improving education level of the poor,carrying out skills training and improving labor output would yield significant results for poverty alleviation.Poor households living in mountainous areas account for more than 60% of the poor,followed by hilly areas and plains.The proportions of poor households in the hills and plains are not much different,the proportion of poor households in the plain areas is slightly lower.2.According to our province's geographical location,the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey can be divided into three regions: eastern,central and western.The proportion of poor families in China shows an increasing trend from the east to the west.The proportion of poor families in the central and western regions is significantly higher than that in the eastern regions.Meanwhile there are some differences in the causes of poverty in different regions.In the implementation process of the development strategy of “Belt and Road”,the integration of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei and the development strategy of the Yangtze River economic belt,it plays a key role in promoting economic development in poor areas and balancing regional economic development.3.According to the analysis of the reasons for the rural family poverty during different periods based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2004,2006,2009 and 2011,we could draw the conclusion that the numbers of family size,working adults,family agricultural machinery equipment and family commercial appliances are related to the happening of the poverty.During the analysis of these four years,the education level of family members,medical care,household drinking water,toilet type,the main type of lighting and cooking material have different effects on the probability of occurrence of poverty in different years.The basic trend reflects the improvement of the basic living facilities of rural households.In the future work of poverty alleviation,more attention should be paid on family planning,employment support,education poverty alleviation,improving the medical security system and the investment of fiscal poverty alleviation fund in improving the basic production and living conditions.