| Since the reform and opening up,with the rapid economic and social development,China's urbanization process has been gradually accelerated,a large number of surplus labor from the "over-dense" agriculture released,into the city.Through the form of off-farm employment,they had more income than that of traditional farming.This cycle model of “urbanization to stimulate off-farm employment and off-farm employment to accelerate urbanization”,not only affected the urban and rural areas,but also had a profound impact on the farmers in suburbs.On the one hand,the external expansion of urbanization led to a large number of land in suburbs was expropriated;on the other hand,the pull of urbanization also forced suburban farmers out of agricultural production,into non-agricultural employment.It can be seen that the land expropriation and off-farm employment caused by urbanization have been reallocated to the suburban farmer's production behavior,and further affected their income level and structure.Thus,in the face of rapid changing situation,this paper tries to solve the interlinks of off-farm employment,land expropriation and income of farmers in suburbs,then surrounding the relation between the three,this thesis adopts the theory of farmer behavior theory,farmer income growth theory,dual economy theory,etc.and attempts to bring off-farm employment,land expropriation and income of farmers in suburbs into a unified analysis framework,and studies path and mechanism of the influence of land expropriation and non agricultural employment on the income of farmers in the suburbs,and using the mathematical model derived propositions.Based on the foregoing work,we use CFPS2010,CFPS2014 and CHNS data,using a series of empirical research methods such as Linear interaction effects method,quantile regression,propensity score matching method,and so forth,this paper validate the impact of land expropriation and off-farm employment on the income of farmers in the suburbs from different angles such as,income level and income structure.Through theoretical and empirical analysis,this paper draws the following conclusions:(1)Suburban farmers and rural farmers follow different income growth path,at the sam time,there was significant difference in off-farm employment behavior and the frequency of land expropriation between the two.The object of this study is the suburban farmers,but only by comparison with rural farmers can we find out what key factors in the suburban famers' income growth is,off-farm employment,land expropriation.Since the reform and opening-up,farmer income of our country are showing rapid growth both the suburban peasants and rural peasants,they all show similar trends from the both.But there are a large income gap between the two,from the income level we found that the income of the farmers in suburbs was significantly higher than that of rural farmers;from the income structure,we found that the wage income and property income of the farmers in the suburbs occupies an important position,the wage income and agriculture income of the rural farmer occupies an important position.The difference in wage income was caused by off-farm disparity between suburban farmers and rural farmers,off-farm employment of the major local-dominated type,the local employment rate of 64.32%,but rural farmers in local non-agricultural employment rate of just over 50%,which shows that suburban farmers prefer local non-agricultural employment,rural farmers prefer different non-agricultural employment.The difference in property income was mainly reflected in: the suburban farmers' land expropriation(contracted land expropriation and residence land expropriation)frequency is higher,the suburban farmers can obtain land acquisition compensation income and rental income.(2)The key to improve the income of suburban farmers after land expropriation is the amount of compensation for land expropriation and the acquisition of non-agricultural employment opportunitiesSpecifically,after the land expropriation,whether the suburban peasants participate in non-agricultural employment is affected by the intensity of land expropriation and non-agricultural employment opportunities,non-agricultural employment opportunities include two aspects of supply and demand.The main manifestations are as follows: first,the intensity of land expropriation.The greater the intensity of land expropriation,farmers will tend to non-agricultural employment.Second,the supply factors.the higher the proportion of elderly people at home,family members of poor health,the poorer the family,even if the land has been expropriated,farmers are hard to participate in non-agricultural employment because of losing their labour force.Third,demand factors.the more developed local non-agricultural industries,the suburb village will attract more labor force to participate in non-agricultural activities.After the expropriation of land,the marginal effect of non-agricultural employment on the income of suburban farmers is related to land acquisition compensation.The marginal effect of income from non-agricultural employment decreases with the increase of land acquisition compensation.That is when the compensation price is low,the suburban farmers' non-agricultural employment rate is higher,the income growth effect is more obvious,and when the compensation price is higher,the suburban farmers' non-agricultural employment rate is lower,its income growth effect has no significant effect.The influence of land expropriation on the income of suburban farmers lies in the amount of compensation for land expropriation.Land expropriation has a positive effect on the income of suburban farmers,that is,the more compensation for land expropriation,the more obvious the income of suburban farmers.Therefore,although the income of farmers in land requisition land was significantly higher than that of non farmers,but the key lies in the land requisition compensation income,obviously the landless farmers earn most of the compensation is not high,and can not continue to increase farmers' income.When the compensation price is lower,the land expropriation can not bring the income of the peasant household in the suburbs;when the compensation price is higher,the land requisition will increase the income of the peasant household in the suburbs.(3)When the compensation for land expropriation is too high,the phenomenon of suburban farmers leaving the non-agricultural employment market is mainly due to the fact that many suburban farmers can obtain rental income.After land expropriation,the marginal effect of non-agricultural employment of suburban farmers on income is related to land acquisition compensation,The marginal effect of income from non-agricultural employment decreases with the increase of land acquisition compensation.That is when the compensation price is low,the suburban farmers' non-agricultural employment rate is higher,the income growth effect is more obvious,and when the compensation price is higher,the suburban farmers' non-agricultural employment rate is lower,its income growth effect has no significant effect.And this view is explaining a phenomenon in our country: when the land requisition compensation for the contracted land is higher,many suburban farmers have left the job market.For suburban farmers,it will be difficult for them to return to agricultural production because the marginal benefits of agriculture are relatively low.Therefore,we try to find the answers from the suburban farmers rental economy,we find that the rental economy could positively affect suburban farmers' income,many suburban villages have the phenomenon of lease economy,including the private rental economy of suburban farmers,and also the collective lease economy of suburban villages.Rental income is mainly as follows: For the suburban farmers after the expropriation of the homestead,although they can not get rental income,but if they retain the identity of village collective members in the game with the village collective,they can also obtain collective income.For the suburban peasants who have not expropriated their homestead,The rental decision-making and rental income of suburban farmers will be affected by a variety of supply and demand factors,such as housing quality,geographical location,real estate quantity,and industrial development in the village.Using propensity score matching model to eliminate sample deviation,that is,after controlling the quality of the housing,geographical location,the number of real estate and the development of the industry in the village,we find that the rental of the suburban farmers can positively influence the income of the suburban farmers.(4)After land acquisition,the farmers' income from agricultural operation is significantly lower than that of non land expropriated farmers,and non-agricultural employment will also negatively influence the agricultural income of suburban farmers.From the perspective of income of agricultural management,agricultural productive investment is the mediator variable of land expropriation affecting the income of agricultural operation,land expropriation leads to a decrease in agricultural productive investment(the agricultural production investment of land expropriated farmers is 85.5% lower than that of landless farmers),the agricultural productive investment also leads to the decrease of farmers' income from agricultural operation,and the decrease of agricultural productive investment will lead to a decrease of 102.3% in operating income.(5)The study found that polarization phenomenon exists in the suburban farmers' income,the polarization effect mainly comes from the income gap between the low income people and other income groups.Polarization is due to the slow growth of low-income people in suburban farmers,the main factors of polarization effect is land expropriation,non-farm employment,non-farm employment is increasing the income polarization of the suburban farmers,while land expropriation is slowing the polarization effect of the income of the farmers in the suburbs.Experience observation show that polarization phenomenon exists in the suburban farmers' income,the polarization is mainly caused by 50%-10% quantile difference in income distribution,that is to say the polarization effect mainly comes from the income gap between the low income people and other income groups.But 90%-50% quantile difference is on the decline,it suggest that the income gap between the high income people and other income groups is tapering.Polarization is due to the slow growth of low-income people in suburban farmers,by constructing the regression model and the Shapley value decomposition shows the main factors of polarization effect is land expropriation,non-farm employment,non-farm employment is increasing the income polarization of the suburban farmers,while land expropriation is slowing the polarization effect of the income of the farmers in the suburbs.Based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward the corresponding policy implications.Innovations of the dissertation lie as follows:(1)We attempt to bring off-farm employment,land expropriation and income of suburban farmers into a unified analysis framework from point view of microscopic behavior,course of urbanization behind the growth of suburban farmers' income is deeply analyzed.The role of the land expropriation and off-farm employment in the income of suburban farmers was also derived by urbanization.On the one hand,we can deeply understand the urbanization incentives behind the growth of suburban farmers' income,on the other hand,it also expands the scope of the research on the relationship between land expropriation,non-agricultural employment and income.(2)Mechanism of the influence of land expropriation and non agricultural employment on the income of suburban farmers is been illustrated in this dissertation,however,the existing studies are stagnating at analyzing the direct effect of land or off-farm employment on income,there are few studies on the indirect effect which is been reviewed.From the perspective of income structure,this dissertation discusses the direct and indirect effect respectively between land expropriation,off-farm employment and income of suburban farmers,it turn out that land rent,agricultural invest are very important mediator varibles,which make research more deeply.(3)In order to support the research topic,the dissertation ideas can be fleshed out,a large number of empirical methods has been applied.As the saying goes "one can't make bricks without straw",similarly,the academic research also cannot do without the research methods.The dissertation use a series of empirical research methods such as Linear interaction effects model,quantile regression,propensity score matching method,and so forth.(4)In this paper,three new discoveries are obtained as follows:Firstly,based on the analysis,it discovers income growth path of suburban farmers have a different way from that of rural famers,land expropriation and its resulting rise of land value has influenced deeply on suburban farmers,property income occupy an important place in income structure.But rural farmers can not enjoy land dividends,they just only rely on migrant workers and agricultural production for a living,wage income and agricultural operating income occupy an important place in income structure.At the same time,it discovers kinds of off-farm employment paths of suburban farmers have a different way from that of rural famers,suburban farmers is still very much a local off-farming,and rural farmers have to rely on migrant working.obviously,farmers have generated differentiation inside,suburban farmers follow different income growth path from rural farmers.Secondly,the existing studies have concluded that land expropriation will reduce farmer's average income level,while other found that land expropriation will increase farmer's average income level.using CFPS2010 and CFPS2014 data,this dissertation has come to the conclusion that whether the land expropriation increases the income level of farmers in the suburbs depends on the amount of compensation for land expropriation and the acquisition of non-agricultural employment opportunities,therefore,the impact of land expropriation on the income of suburban farmers can not be generalized.Thirdly,the paper also found that when the compensation for land expropriation is too high,there will be the phenomenon that farmers leave the job market,that is,the compensation for land expropriation will negatively affect the non-agricultural employment of suburban farmers,the main reason for this phenomenon is that many suburban farmers have the phenomenon of lease economy,after controlling the location,industry development and housing quality,the development of the leasing economy can increase the income obviously. 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